Wallin Alice, Forouhi Nita G, Wolk Alicja, Larsson Susanna C
Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
Diabetologia. 2016 Jun;59(6):1204-13. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-3923-6. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes risk in the Cohort of Swedish Men and to conduct a meta-analysis to summarise available prospective evidence on this association.
We followed 39,610 men (aged 45-79 years) from 1998 up to 2012 for incident type 2 diabetes. Egg consumption was assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. HRs (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. We searched PubMed (up to 14 December 2015) and reference lists of retrieved articles to identify eligible studies for meta-analysis.
During the 15 years of follow up, 4,173 men were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Compared with men who consumed eggs <1 time/week, the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.98 (95% CI 0.92, 1.05), 1.11 (95% CI 0.99, 1.24) and 1.11 (95% CI 0.95, 1.29) for egg consumption 1-2, 3-4 and ≥5 times/week, respectively (p trend = 0.06). In a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis, heterogeneity in the overall estimate was partly explained by differences across regions. The overall HRs for type 2 diabetes for each 3 times/week increment in consumption were 1.18 (95% CI 1.13, 1.24) in five US studies (I (2) = 0%) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.90, 1.05) in seven non-US studies.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our findings in Swedish men do not support an association between egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. In a meta-analysis, frequent egg consumption was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in US studies only. Egg consumption habits and associated overall dietary patterns may differ between populations and could potentially explain the discrepancies between reported results. Given the inconsistent results, this relationship warrants further study.
目的/假设：在本研究中，我们旨在调查瑞典男性队列中鸡蛋摄入量与2型糖尿病风险之间的关联，并进行一项荟萃分析以总结关于该关联的现有前瞻性证据。
我们对39610名年龄在45至79岁之间的男性进行了随访，从1998年至2012年观察其2型糖尿病发病情况。在基线时使用食物频率问卷评估鸡蛋摄入量。使用Cox比例风险回归模型估计风险比（HRs）及其95%置信区间（CIs）。我们检索了PubMed（截至2015年12月14日）以及检索到的文章的参考文献列表，以确定符合条件的研究进行荟萃分析。
在15年的随访期间，4173名男性被诊断患有2型糖尿病。与每周食用鸡蛋少于1次的男性相比，每周食用鸡蛋1 - 2次、3 - 4次和≥5次的多变量调整后HRs分别为0.98（95% CI 0.92, 1.05）、1.11（95% CI 0.99, 1.24）和1.11（95% CI 0.95, 1.29）（p趋势 = 0.06）。在一项随机效应剂量反应荟萃分析中，总体估计中的异质性部分可由不同地区的差异来解释。在五项美国研究中（I² = 0%），每周食用鸡蛋量每增加3次，2型糖尿病的总体HRs为1.18（95% CI 1.13, 1.24）；在七项非美国研究中为0.97（95% CI 0.90, 1.05）。
结论/解读：我们在瑞典男性中的研究结果不支持鸡蛋摄入量与2型糖尿病风险之间存在关联。在荟萃分析中，仅在美国研究中频繁食用鸡蛋与2型糖尿病风险较高相关。不同人群的鸡蛋食用习惯及相关总体饮食模式可能存在差异，这可能解释了报告结果之间的差异。鉴于结果不一致，这种关系值得进一步研究。
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