Rogers Jameson K, Taylor Noah D, Church George M
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2016 Dec;42:84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.03.005. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
Biosynthetic pathways provide an enzymatic route from inexpensive renewable resources to valuable metabolic products such as pharmaceuticals and plastics. Designing these pathways is challenging due to the complexities of biology. Advances in the design and construction of genetic variants has enabled billions of cells, each possessing a slightly different metabolic design, to be rapidly generated. However, our ability to measure the quality of these designs lags by several orders of magnitude. Recent research has enabled cells to report their own success in chemical production through the use of genetically encoded biosensors. A new engineering discipline is emerging around the creation and application of biosensors. Biosensors, implemented in selections and screens to identify productive cells, are paving the way for a new era of biotechnological progress.
生物合成途径提供了一条从廉价可再生资源到有价值代谢产物（如药物和塑料）的酶促路线。由于生物学的复杂性，设计这些途径具有挑战性。遗传变体设计和构建方面的进展使得能够快速生成数十亿个细胞，每个细胞都具有略有不同的代谢设计。然而，我们衡量这些设计质量的能力却落后了几个数量级。最近的研究使细胞能够通过使用基因编码生物传感器来报告它们自身在化学生产中的成功情况。围绕生物传感器的创建和应用正在形成一门新的工程学科。用于选择和筛选以识别高产细胞的生物传感器，正在为生物技术进步的新时代铺平道路。
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