Uchiyama Shigehisa, Senoo Yui, Hayashida Hideki, Inaba Yohei, Nakagome Hideki, Kunugita Naoki
Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health.
Anal Sci. 2016;32(5):549-55. doi: 10.2116/analsci.32.549.
We developed an analytical method for analyzing electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) smoke, and measured the carbonyl compounds and volatile organic compounds generated by 10 brands of second-generation E-cigarettes. A glass filter (Cambridge filter pad) for particulate matter and a solid sorbent tube packed with Carboxen-572 for gaseous compounds were used to collect E-cigarette smoke. These were then analyzed using a two-step elution method with carbon disulfide and methanol, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA), acetone (AC), acrolein (ACR), propanal (PA), acetol (AT), glyoxal (GO), and methyl glyoxal (MGO) were detected by HPLC in some E-cigarettes. Propylene glycol (PG), glycerol (GLY), and some esters were detected by GC/MS. GO and MGO exist mainly as particulate matter. AA, AC, ACR, PA, and AT exist mainly as gaseous compounds. FA exists as both particulate matter and gaseous compounds. These carbonyl compounds have carbon numbers C1 - C3. The main components of E-liquid are PG (C3) and GLY (C3). Therefore, the oxidation of liquids, such as PG and GLY in E-cigarettes upon incidental contact with the heating element in E-cigarette, is suggested as being a possible cause for carbonyl generation. When the puff number exceeds a critical point, carbonyl generation rapidly increases and then remains constant. The results of this study are now being used to determine the following E-cigarette smoking protocol: puff volume, 55 mL; puff duration, 2 s; and puff number, 30. E-cigarette analysis revealed very large variation in carbonyl concentration among not only different brands, but also different samples of the same product. Typical distributions of carbonyl concentration were not observed in any of the E-cigarettes tested, and the mean values greatly differed from median values.
我们开发了一种用于分析电子烟烟雾的分析方法，并测量了10个品牌第二代电子烟产生的羰基化合物和挥发性有机化合物。使用用于颗粒物的玻璃过滤器（剑桥滤垫）和填充有Carboxen - 572的固体吸附剂管来收集电子烟烟雾。然后采用二硫化碳和甲醇两步洗脱法进行分析，接着进行高效液相色谱（HPLC）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC/MS）分析。通过HPLC在一些电子烟中检测到了甲醛（FA）、乙醛（AA）、丙酮（AC）、丙烯醛（ACR）、丙醛（PA）、丙酮醇（AT）、乙二醛（GO）和甲基乙二醛（MGO）。通过GC/MS检测到了丙二醇（PG）、甘油（GLY）和一些酯类。GO和MGO主要以颗粒物形式存在。AA、AC、ACR、PA和AT主要以气态化合物形式存在。FA既以颗粒物形式存在，也以气态化合物形式存在。这些羰基化合物的碳原子数为C1 - C3。电子烟烟液的主要成分是PG（C3）和GLY（C3）。因此，有人认为电子烟中的液体如PG和GLY在与电子烟加热元件偶然接触时发生氧化是产生羰基化合物的一个可能原因。当抽吸次数超过临界点时，羰基化合物的生成量会迅速增加，然后保持恒定。本研究结果目前正用于确定以下电子烟抽吸方案：抽吸量55 mL；抽吸持续时间2 s；抽吸次数30次。电子烟分析表明，不仅不同品牌之间，而且同一产品的不同样品之间，羰基浓度的差异都非常大。在所测试的任何电子烟中都未观察到羰基浓度的典型分布，平均值与中位数差异很大。
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