Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charite Campus Mitte, Rahel Hirsch Weg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.
Med Microbiol Immunol. 2016 Dec;205(6):513-535. doi: 10.1007/s00430-016-0470-1. Epub 2016 Jul 28.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), is recognized by a number of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), either soluble or predominantly expressed on the surface of various cells of innate and adaptive immunity. C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs) are a class of PRRs which can recognize a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, thereby playing a crucial role in immunity, as well as in maintaining homeostasis. Mtb surface ligands, including mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan and cord factor, are important immune modulators which recently have been found to be directly recognized by several CTLRs. Receptor ligation is followed by cellular activation, mainly via nuclear factor κB mediated by a series of adaptors with subsequent expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mtb recognition by CTLRs and their cross talk with other PRRs on immune cells is of key importance for the better understanding of the Mtb-induced complexity of the host immune responses. Epidemiological studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several PRRs, as well as the adaptors in their signaling cascades, are directly involved in the susceptibility for developing disease and the disease outcome. In addition, an increasing number of CTLRs have been studied for their functional effects in the pathogenesis of TB. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the various roles played by different CTLRs in TB, as well as the role of their SNPs associated with disease susceptibility and outcome in different human populations.
结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）是结核病（TB）的病原体，被许多病原体识别受体（PRRs）识别，这些受体要么是可溶性的，要么主要表达于先天和适应性免疫的各种细胞表面。C 型凝集素受体（CTLRs）是一类 PRRs，可以识别多种内源性和外源性配体，从而在免疫以及维持体内平衡方面发挥关键作用。Mtb 表面配体，包括甘露糖封端的脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖和索状因子，是重要的免疫调节剂，最近发现它们可被几种 CTLRs 直接识别。受体结合后会引发细胞激活，主要通过核因子 κB 介导的一系列衔接子来实现，随后表达促炎细胞因子。CTLR 对 Mtb 的识别及其与免疫细胞上其他 PRRs 的相互作用，对于更好地理解 Mtb 诱导的宿主免疫反应的复杂性至关重要。流行病学研究表明，几种 PRRs 中的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）以及其信号转导通路中的衔接子，直接参与了疾病易感性和疾病结局的形成。此外，越来越多的 CTLR 因其在 TB 发病机制中的功能作用而受到研究。本综述总结了不同 CTLR 在 TB 中的各种作用，以及它们与不同人群中疾病易感性和结局相关的 SNPs 的作用。
