人道主义医疗援助中新兴信息与通信技术应用的伦理问题。

Ethics of emergent information and communication technology applications in humanitarian medical assistance.

作者信息

Hunt Matthew, Pringle John, Christen Markus, Eckenwiler Lisa, Schwartz Lisa, Davé Anushree

机构信息

School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, and Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Rehabilitation, 3654 Prom Sir William Osler, Montreal, H3G 1Y5, Quebec, Canada

Humanitarian Health Ethics Research Group, McGill University, 3640 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, H3G 2A8, Quebec, Canada.

出版信息

Int Health. 2016 Jul;8(4):239-45. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihw028.

DOI:10.1093/inthealth/ihw028

PMID:27481835

Abstract

New applications of information and communication technology (ICT) are shaping the way we understand and provide humanitarian medical assistance in situations of disaster, disease outbreak or conflict. Each new crisis appears to be accompanied by advancements in humanitarian technology, leading to significant improvements in the humanitarian aid sector. However, ICTs raise ethical questions that warrant attention. Focusing on the context of humanitarian medical assistance, we review key domains of ICT innovation. We then discuss ethical challenges and uncertainties associated with the development and application of new ICTs in humanitarian medical assistance, including avoiding harm, ensuring privacy and security, responding to inequalities, demonstrating respect, protecting relationships, and addressing expectations. In doing so, we emphasize the centrality of ethics in humanitarian ICT design, application and evaluation.

摘要

信息通信技术（ICT）的新应用正在塑造我们在灾难、疾病爆发或冲突情况下理解和提供人道主义医疗援助的方式。每一场新危机似乎都伴随着人道主义技术的进步，为人道主义援助领域带来显著改善。然而，信息通信技术引发了一些值得关注的伦理问题。我们聚焦于人道主义医疗援助的背景，审视了信息通信技术创新的关键领域。然后，我们讨论了与人道主义医疗援助中新型信息通信技术的开发和应用相关的伦理挑战与不确定性，包括避免伤害、确保隐私和安全、应对不平等、表达尊重、保护关系以及回应期望。在此过程中，我们强调了伦理在人道主义信息通信技术设计、应用和评估中的核心地位。