Sartain Caroline V, Hunt Patricia A
School of Molecular Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
School of Molecular Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.
Fertil Steril. 2016 Sep 15;106(4):820-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1114. Epub 2016 Aug 6.
The concept that developmental events shape adult health and disease was sparked by the recognition of a link between maternal undernutrition and coronary disease in adults. From that beginning, a new field-the developmental origins of health and disease-emerged, and attention has focused on the effects of a wide array of developmental perturbations. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals has been of particular interest, and a ubiquitous environmental contaminant bisphenol A (BPA) has become the endocrine-disrupting chemical poster child. Bisphenol A has been the subject of intense investigation for nearly two decades, and exposure effects have been described in hundreds of experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies. From the standpoint of reproductive health, the findings are particularly important, as they suggest that the ovary, testis, and reproductive tract in both sexes are targets of BPA action. The findings and the media and regulatory attention garnered by them have generated increasing public concern and resulted in legislative bans on BPA in some countries. The subsequent introduction of BPA-free products, although a masterful marketing strategy, is in reality only the beginning of a new and complex chapter of the BPA story. In this review we attempt to summarize what we have learned about the reproductive effects of BPA, present the reasons why studying the effects of this chemical in humans is no longer sufficient, and outline the challenges that the growing array of next generation bisphenols represents to clinicians, researchers, federal agencies, and the general public.
发育事件塑造成人健康和疾病的概念源于人们认识到母亲营养不良与成人冠心病之间的联系。从那时起，一个新的领域——健康与疾病的发育起源——应运而生，人们的注意力集中在一系列发育干扰的影响上。接触内分泌干扰化学物质尤其受到关注，一种普遍存在的环境污染物双酚A（BPA）已成为内分泌干扰化学物质的典型代表。近二十年来，双酚A一直是深入研究的对象，数百项实验、流行病学和临床研究都描述了其接触效应。从生殖健康的角度来看，这些发现尤为重要，因为它们表明两性的卵巢、睾丸和生殖道都是双酚A作用的靶点。这些发现以及由此引起的媒体和监管关注引发了公众越来越多的担忧，并导致一些国家立法禁止使用双酚A。随后推出的不含双酚A的产品，尽管是一种巧妙的营销策略，但实际上只是双酚A故事新篇章的开始，这是一个新的、复杂的篇章。在这篇综述中，我们试图总结我们对双酚A生殖效应的了解，阐述仅研究这种化学物质对人类的影响已不再足够的原因，并概述新一代双酚A不断增加对临床医生、研究人员、联邦机构和公众所带来的挑战。
