Annila Arto, Baverstock Keith
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio, Finland.
Commun Integr Biol. 2016 Jul 22;9(4):e1187348. doi: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1187348. eCollection 2016 Jul-Aug.
The second law of thermodynamics is on one hand understood to account for irrevocable flow of energy from the top down, on the other hand it is seen to imply irreversible increase of disorder. This tension between the 2 stances is resolved in favor of the free energy consumption when entropy is derived from the statistical mechanics of open systems. The change in entropy is shown to map directly to the decrease in free energy without any connotation attached to disorder. Increase of disorder, just as order, is found to be merely a consequence of free energy consumption. The erroneous association of disorder with entropy stems from an unwarranted assumption that a system could undergo changes of state without concomitant dissipation, i.e., a change in energy.
热力学第二定律一方面被理解为解释了能量从高到低的不可逆转流动,另一方面它被视为意味着无序的不可逆增加。当从开放系统的统计力学导出熵时,这两种立场之间的这种张力以有利于自由能消耗的方式得到解决。熵的变化被证明直接对应于自由能的减少,而不带有任何与无序相关的含义。发现无序的增加,就像有序一样,仅仅是自由能消耗的结果。将无序与熵错误地联系起来源于一个毫无根据的假设,即系统可以在不伴随耗散(即能量变化)的情况下经历状态变化。