旋翼飞行模拟器中的空间定向训练

Powell-Dunford Nicole, Bushby Alaistair, Leland Richard A

U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Ft. Rucker, AL, USA.

Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016;87(10):890-893. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4638.2016.

BACKGROUND

This study is intended to identify efficacy, evolving applications, best practices, and challenges of spatial disorientation (SD) training in flight simulators for rotor wing pilots.

METHODS

Queries of a UK Ministry of Defense research database and Pub Med were undertaken using the search terms 'spatial disorientation,' 'rotor wing,' and 'flight simulator.' Efficacy, evolving applications, best practices, and challenges of SD simulation for rotor wing pilots were also ascertained through discussion with subject matter experts and industrial partners. Expert opinions were solicited at the aeromedical physiologist, aeromedical psychologist, instructor pilot, aeromedical examiner, and corporate executive levels.

RESULTS

Peer review literature search yielded 129 articles, with 5 relevant to the use of flight simulators for the spatial disorientation training of rotor wing pilots. Efficacy of such training was measured subjectively and objectively. A preponderance of anecdotal reports endorse the benefits of rotor wing simulator SD training, with a small trial substantiating performance improvement. Advancing technologies enable novel training applications. The mobile nature of flight students and concurrent anticollision technologies can make long-range assessment of SD training efficacy challenging. Costs of advanced technologies could limit the extent to which the most advanced simulators can be employed across the rotor wing community.

DISCUSSION

Evidence suggests the excellent training value of rotor wing simulators for SD training. Objective data from further research, particularly with regards to evolving technologies, may justify further usage of advanced simulator platforms for SD training and research. Powell-Dunford N, Bushby A, Leland RA. Spatial disorientation training in the rotor wing flight simulator. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(10):890-893.

背景

本研究旨在确定旋翼机飞行员飞行模拟器中空间定向（SD）训练的效果、不断发展的应用、最佳实践及挑战。

方法

使用搜索词“空间定向”“旋翼机”和“飞行模拟器”对英国国防部研究数据库和PubMed进行检索。还通过与主题专家和行业合作伙伴讨论，确定旋翼机飞行员SD模拟训练的效果、不断发展的应用、最佳实践及挑战。征求了航空医学生理学家、航空医学心理学家、飞行教员、航空医学考官和企业高管等层面的专家意见。

结果

同行评审文献检索得到129篇文章，其中5篇与使用飞行模拟器进行旋翼机飞行员空间定向训练相关。这种训练的效果通过主观和客观方式进行衡量。大量轶事报告认可旋翼机模拟器SD训练的益处，一项小型试验证实了性能的提升。不断发展的技术带来了新颖的训练应用。飞行学员的流动性以及同时存在的防撞技术，可能使对SD训练效果进行远程评估具有挑战性。先进技术成本可能会限制在旋翼机领域使用最先进模拟器的程度。

讨论

有证据表明旋翼机模拟器对SD训练具有出色的训练价值。来自进一步研究的客观数据，特别是关于不断发展的技术的数据，可能证明进一步使用先进模拟器平台进行SD训练和研究是合理的。鲍威尔 - 邓福德N、布什比A、利兰RA。旋翼机飞行模拟器中的空间定向训练。航空航天医学与人类表现。2016；87(10):890 - 893。