Mechanistical investigation on the self-enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuO/CuO hybrid nanostructures by density functional theory calculations.

The photocatalytic mechanism of a CuO/CuO hybrid system is disclosed in detail by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The synergistic relationship of the two counterparts is confirmed by hydrogen peroxide (HO) formation on the CuO nanowires and dissociation on the CuO nanoparticles; this enables the system to self-sufficiently produce hydroxyl radicals, which is highly efficient in the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The exposed surfaces are found to be crucial in the cooperative photocatalytic system, especially the CuO(111) surface, in the dissociation of HO. The distinct positions of the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum for CuO and CuO and synergic surface reactions enable the effective utilization of the electrons and holes generated by visible-light irradiation. Our results will contribute to a greater understanding of the specific mechanism of photodegradation catalyzed by CuO/CuO heterostructures, which may lead to promising directions in structure optimization for photocatalysts with high photocatalytic efficiency.