Liechti Matthias E, Dolder Patrick C, Schmid Yasmin
Psychopharmacology Research, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 2, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2017 May;234(9-10):1499-1510. doi: 10.1007/s00213-016-4453-0. Epub 2016 Oct 7.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used recreationally and in clinical research. Acute mystical-type experiences that are acutely induced by hallucinogens are thought to contribute to their potential therapeutic effects. However, no data have been reported on LSD-induced mystical experiences and their relationship to alterations of consciousness. Additionally, LSD dose- and concentration-response functions with regard to alterations of consciousness are lacking.
We conducted two placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over studies using oral administration of 100 and 200 μg LSD in 24 and 16 subjects, respectively. Acute effects of LSD were assessed using the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) scale after both doses and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) after 200 μg.
On the MEQ, 200 μg LSD induced mystical experiences that were comparable to those in patients who underwent LSD-assisted psychotherapy but were fewer than those reported for psilocybin in healthy subjects or patients. On the 5D-ASC scale, LSD produced higher ratings of blissful state, insightfulness, and changed meaning of percepts after 200 μg compared with 100 μg. Plasma levels of LSD were not positively correlated with its effects, with the exception of ego dissolution at 100 μg.
Mystical-type experiences were infrequent after LSD, possibly because of the set and setting used in the present study. LSD may produce greater or different alterations of consciousness at 200 μg (i.e., a dose that is currently used in psychotherapy in Switzerland) compared with 100 μg (i.e., a dose used in imaging studies). Ego dissolution may reflect plasma levels of LSD, whereas more robustly induced effects of LSD may not result in such associations.
麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）被用于娱乐和临床研究。人们认为，由致幻剂急性诱发的急性神秘体验有助于其潜在的治疗效果。然而，尚未有关于LSD诱发的神秘体验及其与意识改变之间关系的数据报道。此外，关于LSD剂量和浓度与意识改变的反应函数也尚不明确。
我们进行了两项安慰剂对照、双盲、交叉研究，分别对24名和16名受试者口服100μg和200μg的LSD。使用意识状态改变的五维度量表（5D-ASC）评估两种剂量LSD后的急性效应，并使用神秘体验问卷（MEQ）评估200μg剂量后的情况。
在MEQ量表上，200μg的LSD诱发的神秘体验与接受LSD辅助心理治疗的患者相当，但少于健康受试者或患者中裸盖菇素所报告的体验。在5D-ASC量表上，与100μg相比，200μg的LSD在愉悦状态、洞察力和感知意义改变方面的评分更高。LSD的血浆水平与其效应无正相关，100μg剂量下的自我解体除外。
LSD后很少出现神秘体验，可能是由于本研究中所采用的心境和环境。与100μg（即成像研究中使用的剂量）相比，200μg（即瑞士目前心理治疗中使用的剂量）的LSD可能会产生更大或不同的意识改变。自我解体可能反映了LSD的血浆水平，而LSD更强烈诱发的效应可能不会导致这种关联。
