紧急医疗服务（EMS）专业人员的人口统计学和教育情况：一项全国纵向调查。
The Demographics and Education of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Professionals: A National Longitudinal Investigation.
作者信息
Bentley Melissa A, Shoben Abigail, Levine Roger
机构信息
1Division of Epidemiology,College of Public Health,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio,USA.
2Division of Biostatistics,College of Public Health,The Ohio State University,Columbus,Ohio,USA.
出版信息
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016 Dec;31(S1):S18-S29. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X16001060. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to assess longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)-Basics and Paramedics: (1) demographics, (2) employment characteristics, and (3) initial Emergency Medical Services (EMS) education.
METHODS
These data were collected between 1999 and 2008 employing survey techniques aimed at collecting valid data. A random, stratified sample was utilized to allow results to be generalizable to the nationally certified EMS population. Survey weights that were adjusted for each stratum's response were estimated. Weighted percentages, averages for continuous variables, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Significant changes over time were noted when the CIs did not overlap.
RESULTS
In all 10 years of data collection, the proportion of EMT-Paramedics who were male was greater than the proportion of EMT-Basics who were male. A substantial proportion of respondents performed EMS services for more than one agency: between 39.8% and 43.5% of EMT-Paramedics and 18.4% and 22.4% of EMT-Basic respondents reported this. The most common type of employer for both EMT-Basics and EMT-Paramedics was fire-based organizations. About one-third of EMT-Basics (32.3%-40.1%) and almost one-half of EMT-Paramedics (43.1%-45.3%) reported that these organizations were their main EMS employer. Rural areas (<25,000 residents) were the most common practice settings for EMT-Basics (52.1%-63.7%), while more EMT-Paramedics worked in urban settings (65.2%-77.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
This analysis serves as a useful baseline to measure future changes in the EMS profession. This study described the demographic and work-life characteristics of a cohort of nationally certified EMT-Basics and Paramedics over a 10-year period. This analysis also summarized initial EMS education changes over time. Bentley MA , Shoben A , Levine R . The demographics and education of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals: a national longitudinal investigation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(Suppl. 1):s18-s29.
目的
本研究的目的是评估急救医疗技术员（EMT）基础人员和护理人员在以下方面的纵向和横断面变化：（1）人口统计学特征，（2）就业特征，以及（3）初始紧急医疗服务（EMS）教育情况。
方法
这些数据于1999年至2008年期间收集，采用旨在收集有效数据的调查技术。利用随机分层样本，以使结果能够推广至全国认证的EMS人群。估计了针对各层应答情况进行调整的调查权重。计算加权百分比、连续变量的平均值以及95%置信区间（CI）。当置信区间不重叠时，记录随时间的显著变化。
结果
在全部10年的数据收集过程中，男性护理人员的比例高于男性EMT基础人员的比例。相当一部分受访者为不止一个机构提供EMS服务：39.8%至43.5%的护理人员以及18.4%至22.4%的EMT基础人员受访者报告了这一情况。EMT基础人员和护理人员最常见的雇主类型都是基于消防的组织。约三分之一的EMT基础人员（32.3% - 40.1%）以及近一半的护理人员（43.1% - 45.3%）报告称这些组织是他们主要的EMS雇主。农村地区（居民人数<25,000）是EMT基础人员最常见的工作环境（52.1% - 63.7%），而更多护理人员在城市环境中工作（65.2% - 77.7%）。
结论
该分析为衡量EMS行业未来的变化提供了有用的基线。本研究描述了一组全国认证的EMT基础人员和护理人员在10年期间的人口统计学特征及工作生活特征。该分析还总结了随时间推移初始EMS教育的变化情况。Bentley MA, Shoben A, Levine R. 紧急医疗服务（EMS）专业人员的人口统计学与教育情况：一项全国纵向调查。《院前灾难医学》。2016年；31（增刊1）：s18 - s29。
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