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用拉曼光谱法绘制的Tau蛋白的整体构象

Global Conformation of Tau Protein Mapped by Raman Spectroscopy.

作者信息

Gorantla Nalini Vijay, Khandelwal Puneet, Poddar Pankaj, Chinnathambi Subashchandrabose

机构信息

Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 10025, New Delhi, India.

出版信息

Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1523:21-31. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6598-4_2.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuronal loss in the brain. Its two major hallmarks are extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), formed by aggregation of amyloid β-42 (Aβ-42) and Tau protein respectively. Aβ-42 is a transmembrane protein, which is produced after the sequential action of β- and γ-secretases, thus obtained peptide is released extracellularly and gets deposited on the neuron forming senile plaques. NFTs are composed of microtubule-associated protein-Tau (MAPT). Tau protein's major function is to stabilize the microtubule that provides a track on which the cargo proteins are shuttled and the stabilized microtubule also maintains shape and integrity of the neuronal cell. Tau protein is subjected to various modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycation, acetylation, truncation, glycosylation, deamination, and oxidation; these modifications ultimately lead to its aggregation. Phosphorylation is the major modification and is extensively studied with respect to Tau protein. Tau protein, however, undergoes certain level of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, which regulates its affinity for microtubule and ultimately leading to microtubule assembly and disassembly. Our main aim was to study the native state of longest isoform of Tau (hTau40WT-4R2N) and its shortest isoform, (hTau23WT-3R0N), at various temperatures such as 10, 25, and 37 °C. Raman spectroscopic results suggested that the proportion of random coils or unordered structure depends on the temperature of the protein environment. Upon increase in the temperature from 10 to 37 °C, the proportion of random coils or unordered structures increased in the case of hTau40WT. However, we did not find a significant effect of temperature on the structure of hTau23WT. This current approach enables one to analyze the global conformation of soluble Tau in solution.

摘要

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,其特征是大脑中神经元进行性丧失。它的两个主要标志是细胞外老年斑和细胞内神经原纤维缠结(NFTs),分别由淀粉样β-42(Aβ-42)和 Tau 蛋白聚集形成。Aβ-42 是一种跨膜蛋白,在β-和γ-分泌酶的顺序作用后产生,由此获得的肽释放到细胞外并沉积在神经元上形成老年斑。NFTs 由微管相关蛋白-Tau(MAPT)组成。Tau 蛋白的主要功能是稳定微管,微管为货物蛋白穿梭提供轨道,稳定的微管还维持神经元细胞的形状和完整性。Tau 蛋白会经历各种修饰,如磷酸化、泛素化、糖基化、乙酰化、截断、糖基化、脱氨基和氧化;这些修饰最终导致其聚集。磷酸化是主要的修饰,并且针对 Tau 蛋白进行了广泛研究。然而,Tau 蛋白会经历一定程度的磷酸化和去磷酸化,这调节了它对微管的亲和力,并最终导致微管的组装和解聚。我们的主要目的是研究 Tau 的最长异构体(hTau40WT-4R2N)及其最短异构体(hTau23WT-3R0N)在 10、25 和 37 °C 等不同温度下的天然状态。拉曼光谱结果表明,无规卷曲或无序结构的比例取决于蛋白质环境的温度。在 hTau40WT 中,温度从 10 °C 升高到 37 °C 时,无规卷曲或无序结构的比例增加。然而,我们没有发现温度对 hTau23WT 的结构有显著影响。这种当前方法能够分析溶液中可溶性 Tau 的整体构象。

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