Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge.
Am Psychol. 2016 Nov;71(8):710-718. doi: 10.1037/amp0000039.
Over the last 3 decades, researchers have elucidated the cognitive and motivational conditions that affect the capacity and willingness of young alleged victims to describe their experiences to forensic interviewers. Applied researchers have also studied the contents and features of training programs designed to help interviewers take advantage of the research on developmentally appropriate interviewing. The latter studies have highlighted a knowledge transfer problem-scientists understand best-practice techniques well, many interviewers believe that they both understand and employ those practices, but widespread training has had a limited impact on the actual quality of interviews conducted in the field. There is now clear evidence that improvements in interviewing practice occur reliably only when training courses involve multiple modules, distributed over time, with repeated opportunities for interviewers to consolidate learning and to obtain feedback on the quality of the interviews they do conduct. Barriers to the implementation of such training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
在过去的 30 年中,研究人员已经阐明了影响未成年疑似受害者向法医访谈者描述其经历的能力和意愿的认知和动机条件。应用研究人员还研究了旨在帮助访谈者利用关于发展适当访谈的研究的培训计划的内容和特点。后者的研究突出了知识转移问题——科学家很好地理解了最佳实践技术,许多访谈者认为他们既理解又采用了这些实践,但广泛的培训对现场进行的实际访谈质量的影响有限。现在有明确的证据表明,只有当培训课程涉及多个模块、随着时间的推移分布、为访谈者提供多次机会来巩固学习并获得他们进行的访谈质量的反馈时,访谈实践的改进才会可靠地发生。讨论了实施这种培训的障碍。