遗传冲突：常见因素及其他。
Genetic conflicts: the usual suspects and beyond.
作者信息
McLaughlin Richard N, Malik Harmit S
机构信息
Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
出版信息
J Exp Biol. 2017 Jan 1;220(Pt 1):6-17. doi: 10.1242/jeb.148148.
Selfishness is pervasive and manifests at all scales of biology, from societies, to individuals, to genetic elements within a genome. The relentless struggle to seek evolutionary advantages drives perpetual cycles of adaptation and counter-adaptation, commonly referred to as Red Queen interactions. In this review, we explore insights gleaned from molecular and genetic studies of such genetic conflicts, both extrinsic (between genomes) and intrinsic (within genomes or cells). We argue that many different characteristics of selfish genetic elements can be distilled into two types of advantages: an over-replication advantage (e.g. mobile genetic elements in genomes) and a transmission distortion advantage (e.g. meiotic drivers in populations). These two general categories may help classify disparate types of selfish genetic elements.
自私现象普遍存在，在生物学的各个层面都有体现，从社会层面到个体层面，再到基因组内的遗传元件。为寻求进化优势而进行的不懈斗争推动了适应与反适应的循环往复，这一过程通常被称为“红皇后效应”。在本综述中，我们探讨了从这类遗传冲突的分子和遗传学研究中获得的见解，这些冲突包括外在冲突（基因组之间）和内在冲突（基因组或细胞内部）。我们认为，自私遗传元件的许多不同特征可以归纳为两种优势类型：过度复制优势（例如基因组中的移动遗传元件）和传递扭曲优势（例如种群中的减数分裂驱动基因）。这两个大类可能有助于对不同类型的自私遗传元件进行分类。
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