Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
Marine Biological Association of UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK.
Harmful Algae. 2016 May;55:112-120. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.008. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a natural global phenomena emerging in severity and extent. Incidents have many economic, ecological and human health impacts. Monitoring and providing early warning of toxic HABs are critical for protecting public health. Current monitoring programmes include measuring the number of toxic phytoplankton cells in the water and biotoxin levels in shellfish tissue. As these efforts are demanding and labour intensive, methods which improve the efficiency are essential. This study compares the utilisation of a multitoxin surface plasmon resonance (multitoxin SPR) biosensor with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analytical methods such as high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for toxic HAB monitoring efforts in Europe. Seawater samples (n=256) from European waters, collected 2009-2011, were analysed for biotoxins: saxitoxin and analogues, okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins 1/2 (DTX1/DTX2) and domoic acid responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), respectively. Biotoxins were detected mainly in samples from Spain and Ireland. France and Norway appeared to have the lowest number of toxic samples. Both the multitoxin SPR biosensor and the RNA microarray were more sensitive at detecting toxic HABs than standard light microscopy phytoplankton monitoring. Correlations between each of the detection methods were performed with the overall agreement, based on statistical 2×2 comparison tables, between each testing platform ranging between 32% and 74% for all three toxin families illustrating that one individual testing method may not be an ideal solution. An efficient early warning monitoring system for the detection of toxic HABs could therefore be achieved by combining both the multitoxin SPR biosensor and RNA microarray.
有害藻华（HAB）是一种严重且范围不断扩大的自然全球现象。此类事件对经济、生态和人类健康都有诸多影响。监测和对有毒 HAB 发出早期预警对于保护公众健康至关重要。当前的监测方案包括测量水中有毒浮游植物细胞的数量和贝类组织中的生物毒素水平。由于这些工作要求高且劳动强度大，因此必须采用提高效率的方法。本研究比较了多毒素表面等离子体共振（multitoxin SPR）生物传感器与酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）以及高效液相色谱与荧光检测（HPLC-FLD）和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）等分析方法在欧洲有毒 HAB 监测中的应用。2009 年至 2011 年期间，从欧洲水域采集了 256 个海水样本，用于分析生物毒素：石房蛤毒素及其类似物、冈田酸和麻痹性贝类毒素 1/2（DTX1/DTX2）和软骨藻酸，这些毒素分别导致麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）、腹泻性贝类中毒（DSP）和失忆性贝类中毒（ASP）。生物毒素主要在西班牙和爱尔兰的样本中被检测到。法国和挪威的有毒样本数量似乎最少。多毒素 SPR 生物传感器和 RNA 微阵列在检测有毒 HAB 方面比标准的浮游植物显微镜监测更为敏感。基于统计 2×2 比较表，对每种检测方法之间的相关性进行了评估，每个检测平台之间的总体一致性为 32%至 74%，表明对于所有三种毒素家族，一种单独的检测方法可能不是理想的解决方案。因此，通过结合多毒素 SPR 生物传感器和 RNA 微阵列，可以建立一种有效的有毒 HAB 早期预警监测系统。
