《2014年儿科主动强化疾病监测首份年度报告》
Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance inaugural annual report, 2014.
作者信息
Zurynski Yvonne A, McRae Jocelynne E, Quinn Helen E, Wood Nicholas J, Macartney Kristine K
机构信息
Deputy Director, Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales.
PAEDS Network Manager, Clinical Nurse Consultant, National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales.
出版信息
Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2016 Sep 30;40(3):E391-E400. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2016.40.42.
INTRODUCTION
The Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) network is a hospital-based active surveillance system employing prospective case ascertainment of selected uncommon vaccine preventable diseases and potential adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). PAEDS enhances other Australian surveillance systems by providing prospective detailed clinical and laboratory data for the same child.
METHODS
Specialist surveillance nurses screen hospital admissions, emergency department records, laboratory and other data, to prospectively identify hospitalised children aged under 15 years in 5 paediatric tertiary referral hospitals in New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland. Standardised protocols and case definitions are used across all sites. Conditions under surveillance include vaccine preventable diseases: acute flaccid paralysis, varicella, pandemic and seasonal influenza and pertussis, and potential AEFIs: febrile seizures and intussusception. PAEDS also conducts surveillance for acute childhood encephalitis.
RESULTS
Since August 2007, PAEDS has recruited a total of 6,227 hospitalised cases in total, for all conditions. From January to December 2014, there were 1,220 cases recruited across all conditions. Key outcomes include: enhanced acute flaccid paralysis surveillance to reach World Health Organization targets; supporting varicella and influenza vaccination in children; confirmation of a known low risk of febrile seizures following the 1st dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine but no increased risk of febrile seizures after measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine, and a slightly increased risk of developing intussusception 1-7 days after rotavirus vaccination in infants aged less than 3 months. Acute childhood encephalitis data facilitated rapid investigation and response to the enterovirus 71 outbreak in 2013-2014.
CONCLUSIONS
PAEDS provides unique policy-relevant data. This is the first of planned PAEDS annual reports to Communicable Diseases Intelligence.
引言
儿科主动强化疾病监测（PAEDS）网络是一个基于医院的主动监测系统，采用前瞻性病例确定法，针对特定的罕见疫苗可预防疾病以及免疫接种后潜在的不良事件（AEFI）进行监测。PAEDS通过为同一儿童提供前瞻性详细临床和实验室数据，对澳大利亚的其他监测系统起到了强化作用。
方法
专业监测护士筛查医院入院记录、急诊科记录、实验室及其他数据，以前瞻性地识别新南威尔士州、维多利亚州、南澳大利亚州、西澳大利亚州和昆士兰州5家儿科三级转诊医院中15岁以下的住院儿童。所有监测点均使用标准化方案和病例定义。监测的疾病包括疫苗可预防疾病：急性弛缓性麻痹、水痘、大流行和季节性流感以及百日咳，以及潜在的AEFI：热性惊厥和肠套叠。PAEDS还对儿童急性脑炎进行监测。
结果
自2007年8月以来，PAEDS共招募了6227例各种疾病的住院病例。2014年1月至12月，共招募了1220例各种疾病的病例。主要成果包括：加强急性弛缓性麻痹监测以达到世界卫生组织的目标；支持儿童水痘和流感疫苗接种；确认首剂麻疹 - 腮腺炎 - 风疹疫苗接种后热性惊厥风险已知较低，但麻疹 - 腮腺炎 - 风疹 - 水痘疫苗接种后热性惊厥风险未增加，且3个月以下婴儿接种轮状病毒疫苗后1 - 7天发生肠套叠的风险略有增加。儿童急性脑炎数据有助于对2013 - 2014年肠道病毒71型疫情进行快速调查和应对。
结论
PAEDS提供了与政策相关的独特数据。这是计划向《传染病情报》发布的PAEDS年度报告中的第一份。
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