Taheri Rouhi Seyedeh Zeinab, Sarker Md Moklesur Rahman, Rahmat Asmah, Alkahtani Saad Ahmed, Othman Fauziah
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, No. 2, Jalan Stadium SS 7/15, Kalana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Mar 14;17(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1667-6.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hyperglycemia, inflammatory disorders and abnormal lipid profiles. Several functional foods have therapeutic potential to treat chronic diseases including diabetes. The therapeutic potential of pomegranate has been stated by multitudinous scientists. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate juice and seed powder on the levels of plasma glucose and insulin, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profiles, and health of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD) induced T2DM Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
Forty healthy male SD rats were induced to diabetes with a single dose intra-peritoneal administration of STZ (60 mg/kg b.w.) - NAD (120 mg/kg b.w.). Diabetic rats were orally administered with 1 mL of pomegranate fresh juice (PJ) or 100 mg pomegranate seed powder in 1 mL distilled water (PS), or 5 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide every day for 21 days. Rats in all groups were sacrificed on day 22. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (v: 22) using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The results showed that PJ and PS treatment had slight but non-significant reduction of plasma glucose concentration, and no impact on plasma insulin compared to diabetic control (DC) group. PJ lowered the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) significantly, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) non-significantly compared to DC group. In contrast, PS treatment significantly raised plasma TC, LDL, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels compared to the DC rats. Moreover, the administration of PJ and PS significantly reduced the levels of plasma inflammatory biomarkers, which were actively raised in diabetic rats. Only PJ treated group showed significant repairment and restoration signs in islets of Langerhans. Besides, PJ possessed preventative impact against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals almost 2.5 folds more than PS.
Our findings suggest that active constituents with high antioxidant properties present in PJ are responsible for its anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects, likewise the restoration effect on the damaged islets of Langerhans in experimental rats. Hence, the pharmacological, biochemical, and histopathological profiles of PJ treated rats obviously indicated its helpful effects in amelioration of diabetes-associated complications.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）与高血糖、炎症紊乱及血脂异常有关。几种功能性食品具有治疗包括糖尿病在内的慢性疾病的潜力。众多科学家已指出石榴具有治疗潜力。本研究旨在评估石榴汁和石榴籽粉对链脲佐菌素（STZ）-烟酰胺（NAD）诱导的T2DM斯普拉格-道利（SD）大鼠的血糖和胰岛素水平、炎症生物标志物、血脂谱以及胰岛健康的影响。
40只健康雄性SD大鼠通过腹腔注射单剂量STZ（60mg/kg体重）-NAD（120mg/kg体重）诱导患糖尿病。糖尿病大鼠每天口服1mL石榴鲜汁（PJ）或1mL蒸馏水中的100mg石榴籽粉（PS），或5mg/kg体重的格列本脲，持续21天。所有组的大鼠在第22天处死。所得数据使用SPSS软件（版本：22）通过单因素方差分析（ANOVA）进行分析。
结果显示，与糖尿病对照组（DC）相比，PJ和PS处理使血糖浓度略有降低但无显著差异，且对血浆胰岛素无影响。与DC组相比，PJ显著降低了血浆总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG），低密度脂蛋白（LDL）降低不显著。相反，与DC大鼠相比，PS处理显著提高了血浆TC、LDL和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平。此外，PJ和PS的给药显著降低了血浆炎症生物标志物的水平，这些标志物在糖尿病大鼠中呈活跃升高状态。仅PJ处理组在胰岛中显示出显著的修复和恢复迹象。此外，PJ对2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基的清除作用几乎是PS的2.5倍。
我们的研究结果表明，PJ中存在的具有高抗氧化特性的活性成分是其抗高血脂和抗炎作用的原因，同样也是对实验大鼠受损胰岛的修复作用的原因。因此，PJ处理大鼠的药理学、生化和组织病理学特征明显表明其对改善糖尿病相关并发症有有益作用。
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