Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Immunol Lett. 2017 Sep;189:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.015. Epub 2017 May 1.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immunologically-mediated hypersensitivity disease. It affects more than 25% of the population. In IgE-sensitized subjects, allergen encounter can causes a variety of symptoms ranging from hayfever (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) to asthma, skin inflammation, food allergy and severe life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is based on vaccination with the disease-causing allergens. AIT is an extremely effective, causative and disease-modifying treatment. However, administration of natural allergens can cause severe side effects and the quality of natural allergen extracts limits its application. Research in the field of molecular allergen characterization has allowed deciphering the molecular structures of the disease-causing allergens and it has become possible to engineer novel molecular allergy vaccines which precisely target the mechanisms of the allergic immune response and even appear suitable for prophylactic allergy vaccination. Here we discuss recombinant allergy vaccines which are based on allergen-derived B cell epitopes regarding their molecular and immunological properties and review the results obtained in clinical studies with this new type of allergy vaccines.
免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）相关过敏是最常见的免疫介导的超敏反应疾病。它影响超过 25%的人口。在 IgE 致敏的受试者中，过敏原的接触会导致各种症状，从花粉症（过敏性鼻结膜炎）到哮喘、皮肤炎症、食物过敏和严重的危及生命的过敏性休克。过敏原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）基于用致病过敏原进行疫苗接种。AIT 是一种非常有效、有病因和疾病修正的治疗方法。然而，天然过敏原的给药会引起严重的副作用，并且天然过敏原提取物的质量限制了其应用。在分子过敏原特征研究领域的研究已经允许破译致病过敏原的分子结构，并且有可能设计新型的分子过敏疫苗，这些疫苗能够精确靶向过敏免疫反应的机制，甚至似乎适合预防性过敏疫苗接种。在这里，我们讨论了基于过敏原衍生的 B 细胞表位的重组过敏疫苗，讨论了它们的分子和免疫学特性，并回顾了这种新型过敏疫苗在临床研究中获得的结果。
