成瘾的认知机制与治疗靶点
Cognitive Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Addiction.
作者信息
Copersino Marc L
机构信息
McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
出版信息
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2017 Feb;13:91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.11.005. Epub 2016 Nov 25.
Abstract
Fundamental to cognitive models of addiction is the gradual strengthening of automatic, urge-related responding that develops in tandem with the diminution of self-control-related processes aimed at inhibiting impulses. Recent conceptualizations of addiction also include a third set of cognitive processes related to self-awareness and superordinate regulation of self-control and other higher brain function. This review describes new human research evidence and theoretical developments related to the multicausal strengthening of urge-related responding and failure of self-control in addiction, and the etiology of disrupted self-awareness and rational decision-making associated with continued substance use. Recent progress in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms of addiction is reviewed, including cognitive bias modification, mindfulness training, and neurocognitive rehabilitation.
摘要
成瘾认知模型的基础是与冲动抑制相关的自我控制过程逐渐减弱的同时，自动的、与冲动相关的反应逐渐增强。成瘾的最新概念还包括与自我意识以及自我控制和其他高级脑功能的上级调节相关的第三组认知过程。本综述描述了与成瘾中与冲动相关反应的多因素强化和自我控制失败以及与持续使用物质相关的自我意识和理性决策中断的病因相关的新的人类研究证据和理论发展。还综述了针对这些成瘾机制的治疗策略开发的最新进展，包括认知偏差修正、正念训练和神经认知康复。
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