2010 年巴西牙医开具的抗焦虑药、镇静剂和催眠药。

Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics Prescribed by Dentists in Brazil in 2010.

机构信息

Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

出版信息

Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2841549. doi: 10.1155/2017/2841549. Epub 2017 May 30.

DOI:10.1155/2017/2841549

PMID:28638826

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5468587/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe dental prescriptions for anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics for Brazilian outpatients in 2010.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted using data on the use of anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics from the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, Brazil, 2010. For each prescription, prescribed drugs and the prescribed amount were identified. Prescribed medications were classified according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code. We calculated the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDD) for anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics by code, their mean DDD, and DDD per inhabitant per year.

RESULTS

There were 16,436 prescriptions dispensed, including anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics. These prescriptions corresponded to 3,555,780.50 mg, distributed as 2,286,200.50 mg (64.30%) of anxiolytics and 1,269,580.00 mg (35.70%) of sedatives and hypnotics. This amount allowed treating approximately 474,106 individuals (number of DDD). The anxiolytics most frequently dispensed were bromazepam (25.30%), alprazolam (19.19%), and diazepam (15.60%). Sedatives and hypnotics mostly prescribed were zolpidem (9.55%), midazolam (6.99%), and flunitrazepam (2.14%). The per capita rates (100,000 inhabitants) of anxiolytics and sedatives/hypnotics were 6.83 and 1.78, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Benzodiazepines and derivatives were the most frequently prescribed drugs. There was a low rate of dental prescriptions for anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics, although excessive doses were concentrated in the same prescription.

摘要

目的

描述 2010 年巴西门诊患者使用抗焦虑药、镇静剂和催眠药的情况。

方法

本横断面研究利用巴西卫生监督局 2010 年有关抗焦虑药、镇静剂和催眠药使用的数据。为每份处方确定了开出处方的药物和数量。按解剖治疗化学分类法对开出处方的药物进行分类。我们按代码计算了抗焦虑药、镇静剂和催眠药的限定日剂量（DDD）数量、平均 DDD 和每人每年 DDD。

结果

共开出 16436 张处方，包括抗焦虑药、镇静剂和催眠药。这些处方对应 3555780.50 毫克，其中 2286200.50 毫克（64.30%）为抗焦虑药，1269580.00 毫克（35.70%）为镇静剂和催眠药。这个剂量可以治疗大约 474106 人（DDD 数量）。开出处方最多的抗焦虑药是溴马唑仑（25.30%）、阿普唑仑（19.19%）和地西泮（15.60%）。最常开的镇静剂和催眠药是唑吡坦（9.55%）、咪达唑仑（6.99%）和氟硝西泮（2.14%）。抗焦虑药和镇静剂/催眠药的人均用药率（每 10 万居民）分别为 6.83 和 1.78。