Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2018 Feb;31(1):96-107. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12500. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
There is limited research on the dietary behaviours of Canadian children at school, including where students obtain food from during school hours or whether lunch-time food source influences diet quality.
Nationally representative cross-sectional data from 24-h dietary recalls were analysed from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 4589). Dietary outcomes included school hour and school day dietary intakes and School Healthy Eating Index (S-HEI) scores. Survey-weighted covariate-adjusted linear regression models examined differences in dietary outcomes across lunch-time food source groups.
The majority of children (72.8%) reported bringing lunch from home, whereas fewer students obtained lunch from off-campus locations (11.6%), schools (9.6%) or skipped lunch (5.9%). Compared to off-campus lunches, home-packed lunches were significantly higher in fibre, vitamins A, D and C, thiamin, magnesium, iron, grains, vegetables and fruit, but lower in total calories, fat and calories from minimally nutritious foods. Average school hour diet quality required improvement for all age groups, although S-HEI scores did not differ significantly by lunch-time food source among 6-8-year-old children. However, for children age 9-17 years, bringing a home-packed lunch was associated with significantly higher S-HEI scores compared to students obtaining lunch from off-campus locations. After adjusting for age and sex, lunch-time food source was also significantly associated with whole day dietary quality.
Although the nutritional quality of off-campus lunches was lower than home-packed lunches, the quality of foods was suboptimal, regardless of food source. Strategies are needed to enhance access to nutritious foods on campus and improve the nutritional quality of packed lunches, which supply the majority of lunch-time foods consumed by Canadian children.
针对加拿大在校儿童的饮食行为，包括其在学校期间的食物来源以及午餐食物来源是否会影响饮食质量，相关研究较为有限。
本研究对 2004 年加拿大社区健康调查（n=4589）中的 24 小时膳食回忆的全国代表性横断面数据进行了分析。膳食结果包括在校时间和在校日的膳食摄入量以及学校健康饮食指数（S-HEI）评分。通过调查加权协变量调整线性回归模型，研究了不同午餐食物来源组之间膳食结果的差异。
大多数儿童（72.8%）报告从家中带午餐，而从校外地点（11.6%）、学校（9.6%）或不吃午餐（5.9%）获得午餐的学生较少。与校外午餐相比，自家带的午餐在纤维、维生素 A、D 和 C、硫胺素、镁、铁、谷物、蔬菜和水果方面显著更高，但总热量、脂肪和低营养食物的热量较低。所有年龄组的平均在校时间饮食质量都需要改善，尽管在 6-8 岁儿童中，午餐食物来源与学校时间饮食质量的 S-HEI 评分没有显著差异。然而，对于 9-17 岁的儿童，与从校外地点获得午餐的学生相比，自带自家带的午餐与更高的 S-HEI 评分显著相关。在校时间食物来源在调整年龄和性别后，也与全天饮食质量显著相关。
尽管校外午餐的营养质量低于自家带的午餐，但无论食物来源如何，食物质量都不理想。需要采取策略来增加校园内营养食品的获取途径，并提高自家带的午餐的营养质量，因为这些食物是加拿大儿童午餐的主要来源。
