年龄和日粮碳水化合物组成对马葡萄糖和胰岛素动态变化的影响。

Effect of age and dietary carbohydrate profiles on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses.

作者信息

Jacob S I, Geor R J, Weber P S D, Harris P A, McCue M E

机构信息

Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Massey University College of Sciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

出版信息

Equine Vet J. 2018 Mar;50(2):249-254. doi: 10.1111/evj.12745. Epub 2017 Sep 13.

BACKGROUND

Glucose and insulin dynamics may be different in adult and aged horses.

OBJECTIVES

To determine the effects of age and dietary carbohydrates on glucose and insulin dynamics in healthy horses.

STUDY DESIGN

Balanced Latin square with four isocaloric diets: CONTROL (hay plus restricted-starch-and-sugar fortified pellets), STARCH (control plus kibbled corn), FIBER (control plus unmolassed sugar beet pulp/soybean hull pellets) and SUGAR (control plus dextrose powder).

METHODS

A total of 16 healthy Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds divided into two age groups: ADULT (8.8 ± 2.9 years; n = 8) and AGED (20.6 ± 2.1 years; n = 8). Following dietary adaptation, horses underwent an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT), modified oral sugar test (OST) and dietary meal challenge. Outcome variables included: insulin sensitivity (SI), disposition index (DI), glucose effectiveness (Sg) and acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) from the FSIGTT; peak glucose, peak insulin, time to peak, area under the curve for glucose (AUCg) and insulin (AUCi) from the OST and dietary meal challenge. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear mixed regression modelling.

RESULTS

AIRg was higher in AGED (mean [95% confidence interval]; 582.0 [455.0-709.0]) vs. ADULT (358.0 [224.0-491.0]; P = 0.03). ADULT and AGED horses had a higher SI on STARCH (adult: 3.3 [2.3-4.2]; aged: 2.8 [1.9-3.7]) and SUGAR (adult: 3.4 [2.5-4.3]; aged: 4.0 [3.1-4.9]) diets compared with CONTROL (adult: 2.0 [1.1-2.9], P = 0.029 (starch), P = 0.009 (sugar); aged: 1.4 [0.5-2.2], P = 0.009 (starch), P < 0.001 (sugar)). Feeding a STARCH (adult: 21581.0 [15029.0-28133.0]; aged: 35205.0 [29194.0-41216.0]) or SUGAR (adult: 26050.0 [19885.0-32215.0]; aged: 25720.0 [19770.0-31670.0]) meal resulted in postprandial hyperinsulinaemia (AUCi).

MAIN LIMITATIONS

Study cohort contained two insulin-sensitive breeds and no insulin-resistant breeds.

CONCLUSIONS

Age and diet should be considered when evaluating glucose and insulin dynamics.

背景

成年马和老龄马的葡萄糖及胰岛素动态变化可能有所不同。

目的

确定年龄和日粮碳水化合物对健康马匹葡萄糖及胰岛素动态变化的影响。

研究设计

采用平衡拉丁方设计，有四种等热量日粮：对照组（干草加限淀粉和糖强化颗粒料）、淀粉组（对照组加碎玉米）、纤维组（对照组加未加糖浆的甜菜粕/大豆皮颗粒料）和糖组（对照组加葡萄糖粉）。

方法

总共16匹健康的纯种马和标准赛马分为两个年龄组：成年组（8.8 ± 2.9岁；n = 8）和老龄组（20.6 ± 2.1岁；n = 8）。经过日粮适应期后，马匹接受胰岛素改良的频繁采样静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（FSIGTT）、改良口服糖耐量试验（OST）和日粮进食挑战。结果变量包括：FSIGTT中的胰岛素敏感性（SI）、处置指数（DI）、葡萄糖效能（Sg）和对葡萄糖的急性胰岛素反应（AIRg）；OST和日粮进食挑战中的血糖峰值、胰岛素峰值、达峰时间、葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUCg）和胰岛素曲线下面积（AUCi）。数据采用多变量线性混合回归模型进行分析。

结果

老龄组的AIRg（均值[95%置信区间]；582.0[455.0 - 709.0]）高于成年组（358.0[224.0 - 491.0]；P = 0.03）。与对照组相比，成年马和老龄马在淀粉组（成年组：3.3[2.3 - 4.2]；老龄组：2.8[1.9 - 3.7]）和糖组（成年组：3.4[2.5 - 4.3]；老龄组：4.0[3.1 - 4.9]）日粮中的SI更高（成年组：对照组为2.0[1.1 - 2.9]，淀粉组P = 0.029，糖组P = 0.009；老龄组：对照组为1.4[0.5 - 2.2]，淀粉组P = 0.009，糖组P < 0.001）。喂食淀粉餐（成年组：21581.0[15029.0 - 28133.0]；老龄组：35205.0[29194.0 - 41216.0]）或糖餐（成年组：26050.0[19885.0 - 32215.0]；老龄组：25720.0[19770.0 - 31670.0]）会导致餐后高胰岛素血症（AUCi）。

主要局限性

研究队列包含两个胰岛素敏感品种，没有胰岛素抵抗品种。

结论

在评估葡萄糖和胰岛素动态变化时应考虑年龄和日粮因素。