血清微小RNA作为甲状腺癌诊断和预后的生物标志物：文献综述
Serum miRNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.
作者信息
Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi Ameneh, Asadi-Samani Majid, Mobini Gholam-Reza
机构信息
Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
出版信息
Eur Thyroid J. 2017 Jul;6(4):171-177. doi: 10.1159/000468520. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for 1% of cancers. In recent years, there has been much interest in the feasibility of using miRNAs or miRNA panels as biomarkers for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. miRNAs are noncoding RNAs with 21-23 nucleotides that are highly conserved during evolution. They have been proposed as regulators of gene expression, apoptosis, cancer, and cell growth and differentiation.
METHODS
The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, PubMed (NLM), LISTA (EBSCO), and Web of Science were searched.
RESULTS
The serum level of miRNAs (miRNA-375, 34a, 145b, 221, 222, 155, Let-7, 181b) can be used as molecular markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer in the serum samples of patients with thyroid glands.
CONCLUSIONS
Given that most common methods for the screening of thyroid cancer cannot detect the disease in its early stages, identifying miRNAs that are released in the bloodstream during the gradual progression of the disease is considered a key method in the early diagnosis of thyroid cancers.
背景/目的：甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤，占所有癌症的1%。近年来，人们对使用微小RNA（miRNA）或miRNA组合作为甲状腺癌诊断生物标志物的可行性产生了浓厚兴趣。miRNA是具有21 - 23个核苷酸的非编码RNA，在进化过程中高度保守。它们被认为是基因表达、细胞凋亡、癌症以及细胞生长和分化的调节因子。
方法
检索了开放获取期刊目录（DOAJ）、谷歌学术、PubMed（美国国立医学图书馆）、LISTA（EBSCO）和科学引文索引。
结果
miRNA（miRNA - 375、34a、145b、221、222、155、Let - 7、181b）的血清水平可作为甲状腺患者血清样本中甲状腺癌诊断和预后的分子标志物。
结论
鉴于甲状腺癌最常见的筛查方法无法在疾病早期检测到该疾病，识别在疾病逐渐发展过程中释放到血液中的miRNA被认为是甲状腺癌早期诊断的关键方法。
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