Gregg Elizabeth A, Gregg Vanessa H
Department of Leadership, School Counseling, and Sport Management, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University Physicians for Women Northridge, UVA Medical Park Northridge, Third Floor, 2955 Ivy Road, (250 West), Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
Clin Sports Med. 2017 Oct;36(4):603-610. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2017.05.001. Epub 2017 Jul 10.
The history of women in sport in America was shaped by Victorian ideals and other belief systems prevalent during the nineteenth century. Medical experts of that era believed that intense exercise and competition could cause women to become masculine, threaten their ability to bear children, and create other reproductive health complications. Consequently, sport for women was reserved for upper-class women until the mid-twentieth century. Title IX of the Education Amendments had a significant and lasting impact on sport in America. Today, girls and women are enjoying sport at the interscholastic, intercollegiate, and professional levels comparable with their male counterparts.
美国女性体育的历史受到维多利亚时代的理想和19世纪盛行的其他信仰体系的影响。那个时代的医学专家认为,剧烈运动和竞争会使女性变得男性化,威胁她们生育子女的能力,并引发其他生殖健康问题。因此,直到20世纪中叶,女性运动都只为上层阶级女性保留。《教育修正案》第九条对美国体育产生了重大而持久的影响。如今,女孩和女性在中学、大学和职业体育层面都能与男性同龄人一样享受体育运动。