Shaĭdakov E V, Porembskaia O Ia, Azovtsev R A, Smirnov A Iu, Bulatov V L
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Angiol Sosud Khir. 2017;23(3):62-67.
Balloon angioplasty and stenting have increasingly been gaining widespread application for treatment of post-thrombotic alterations in the system of the vena cava. Endovascular ultrasonographic examination makes it possible with the utmost degree of reliability to determine both the extension and degree of the narrowing of venous segments, thus proving a possibility of choosing a venous stent of an appropriate diameter. Restoration of an adequate venous lumen leads to normalization of blood flow and elimination of venous hypertension. However, unsolved as yet remains the problem concerning proper management of post-thrombotic obstructions of the inferior vena cava at the level of a cava filter. Owing to a wide variety of configurations of cava filters to deploy, there are no common approaches to elimination of such obstruction. Presented herein is a clinical case report regarding successful endovascular treatment of a patient diagnosed with post-thrombotic disease secondary to endured thrombosis. The findings of both phlebography and endovascular ultrasonographic examination made it possible to diagnose obstruction of the left common iliac vein, external iliac vein, and inferior vena cava to the level of the cava filter previously deployed. In the segment of the inferior vena cava at the level of the cava filter also revealed was a pronounced luminal narrowing exceeding 90% of its diameter. We carried out stenting of the common and external iliac veins, inferior vena cava, and the cava filter. Swelling of the left leg subsided spontaneously within 2 weeks and the first postoperative month was accompanied by gradual disappearance of the previously existing feeling of heaviness in the lower limbs and a dramatic decrease in fatigue by the end of the working day.
球囊血管成形术和支架置入术在治疗腔静脉系统血栓形成后改变方面的应用日益广泛。血管内超声检查能够以最高程度的可靠性确定静脉段狭窄的范围和程度,从而为选择合适直径的静脉支架提供了可能。恢复足够的静脉腔可使血流正常化并消除静脉高压。然而,下腔静脉滤器水平处血栓形成后梗阻的恰当处理问题仍未解决。由于要部署的腔静脉滤器有多种构型,对于消除此类梗阻尚无通用方法。本文介绍了一例临床病例报告,该患者诊断为因既往血栓形成继发的血栓形成后疾病,成功接受了血管内治疗。静脉造影和血管内超声检查结果使得能够诊断左髂总静脉、髂外静脉以及下腔静脉至先前部署的腔静脉滤器水平处的梗阻。在腔静脉滤器水平的下腔静脉段还发现管腔明显狭窄,超过其直径的90%。我们对髂总静脉、髂外静脉、下腔静脉以及腔静脉滤器进行了支架置入。左腿肿胀在2周内自行消退,术后第一个月,下肢先前存在的沉重感逐渐消失,到工作日结束时疲劳感显著减轻。