Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018;16(5):559-573. doi: 10.2174/1570159X15666170915141036.
The human gut microbiome comprise a huge number of microorganisms with co-evolutionary associations with humans. It has been repeatedly revealed that bidirectional communication exists between the brain and the gut and involves neural, hormonal, and immunological pathways. Evidences from neuroscience researches over the past few years suggest that microbiota is essential for the development and maturation of brain systems that are associated to stress responses.
This review provides that the summarization of the communication among microbiota, gut and brain and the results of preclinical and clinical studies on gut microbiota used in treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Recent studies have reported that diverse forms of neuropsychiatric disorders (such as autism, depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia) are associated with or modulated by variations in the microbiome, by microbial substrates, and by exogenous prebiotics, antibiotics, and probiotics.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis might provide novel targets for prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, further studies are required to substantiate the clinical use of probiotics, prebiotics and FMT.
人类肠道微生物组由大量与人类协同进化的微生物组成。人们已经反复发现，大脑和肠道之间存在着双向交流，涉及神经、激素和免疫途径。过去几年神经科学研究的证据表明，微生物对于与应激反应相关的大脑系统的发育和成熟至关重要。
本综述提供了微生物群、肠道和大脑之间的交流以及用于治疗神经精神疾病的肠道微生物群的临床前和临床研究结果的总结。
最近的研究报告表明，多种形式的神经精神障碍（如自闭症、抑郁症、焦虑症和精神分裂症）与微生物组的变化、微生物底物以及外源性的益生元、抗生素和益生菌有关，或者受其调节。
肠道微生物群-肠-脑轴可能为预防和治疗神经精神疾病提供新的靶点。然而，需要进一步的研究来证实益生菌、益生元和 FMT 的临床应用。
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