Al-Zubaidi Enas Sultan, Rabee Adel Mashaan
a Ministry of Environment , Inspector General Office , Baghdad , Iraq.
b Department of Biology, College of Science , University of Baghdad , Baghdad , Iraq.
Inhal Toxicol. 2017 Aug;29(9):397-403. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1369601. Epub 2017 Oct 18.
Dental workers are exposed to elevated levels of elemental mercury vapor substantially above the occupational exposure standards when placing or removing mercury/silver tooth restorations and disposing of mercury waste. This results in a significant increase in occupational exposure and risk of mercury intoxication.
To evaluate the occupational exposure of dental workers to amalgam in four dental clinics in Baghdad city, the concentrations of mercury vapor were measured seasonally from February to November 2016. Samples of blood and urine were collected from 30 dental workers (exposed individuals) and five non-occupationally exposed individuals. Biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), renal enzymes (urea and creatinine), total protein and reduced glutathione (GSH) were observed.
The results indicated that mercury vapor levels varied from 84.7 ± 18.67 to 609.3 ± 238.90 µg/m and most concentrations were above the occupational exposure standards. The results of the biochemical parameters showed a significant increase in levels of cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and no significant increase in blood urea and creatinine in dental workers in comparison with unexposed persons (control). Although the results showed a significant reduction in the levels of glutathione and total protein, there was no significant decrease in the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in exposed dental workers when compared with non-occupationally exposed individuals.
It is concluded that mercury vapor concentrations in the indoor air of some dental clinics in Baghdad city are high and exceed the OSHA STEL(Occupational Safety and Health Administration Short Term Exposure Limit). The present data showed that altered biochemical parameters can be used as efficient bioindicators for mercury toxicity.
牙科工作人员在放置或去除汞/银补牙材料以及处理汞废物时，会接触到大大高于职业接触标准的元素汞蒸气。这导致职业接触显著增加以及汞中毒风险升高。
为评估巴格达市四家牙科诊所的牙科工作人员对汞合金的职业接触情况，于2016年2月至11月按季节测量了汞蒸气浓度。从30名牙科工作人员（暴露个体）和5名非职业暴露个体中采集了血液和尿液样本。观察了胆固醇、肝酶（丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶）、肾酶（尿素和肌酐）、总蛋白和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）等生化参数。
结果表明，汞蒸气水平在84.7±18.67至609.3±238.90µg/m之间变化，大多数浓度高于职业接触标准。生化参数结果显示，与未暴露者（对照组）相比，牙科工作人员的胆固醇、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）水平显著升高，而血尿素和肌酐水平无显著升高。尽管结果显示谷胱甘肽和总蛋白水平显著降低，但与非职业暴露个体相比，暴露的牙科工作人员碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平没有显著下降。
得出的结论是，巴格达市一些牙科诊所室内空气中的汞蒸气浓度很高，超过了美国职业安全与健康管理局的短期暴露限值（OSHA STEL）。目前的数据表明，生化参数的改变可作为汞毒性的有效生物指标。
Zotero 插件