International travelers receiving pharmacological immunosuppression: Challenges and opportunities.

There is an increasing number of international travelers receiving immunosuppressive therapy due to the better life expectation and quality offered by this kind of treatment. The complexity of pre-travel counseling in these patients lies in their greater susceptibility to certain travel-related infections and the potential severity of these, as well as in the contraindications and interactions that may occur between certain vaccines and/or prophylaxis and their base therapy. Counseling the traveler represents a challenge for clinicians who have to tailor vaccinations and other recommended preventive measures to the immunosuppressed patients. Thus, pre-travel assessment of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy should be performed in a specialized Traveler's Medical Unit, working closely with the specialist doctor in charge of treating the patient's underlying medical condition. The purpose of this article is to review available evidence on the health recommendations indicated in the pre-travel administration of vaccines, antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and other measures to prevent communicable diseases in travelers receiving immunosuppressive therapy.