用脱毒核粕替代豆粕：对生长猪生产性能、养分利用率及肉品可食性的影响
Substitution of soybean meal with detoxified kernel meal: Effects on performance, nutrient utilization, and meat edibility of growing pigs.
作者信息
Li Yang, Chen Ling, Zhang Yuhui, Wu Jianmei, Lin Yan, Fang Zhengfeng, Che Lianqiang, Xu Shengyu, Wu De
机构信息
Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Nutrition Institute, Chengdu 611130, China.
College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China.
出版信息
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2018 Jun;31(6):888-898. doi: 10.5713/ajas.17.0499. Epub 2017 Nov 3.
OBJECTIVE
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with different levels of detoxified kernel meal (DJM) in growing pig diets on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and meat edibility.
METHODS
A total of 144 pigs with initial body weight of 20.47±1.44 kg, were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 4 pigs per replication for a period of 79 days. Six diets (DJM0, DJM15, DJM30, DJM45, DJM60, and DJM75) were formulated using DJM to replace 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75% of SBM. From d 37 to 42, feces and urine were total collected from six barrows in each treatment. At day 79, thirty-six pigs were slaughtered for sampling. The feed intake and weight gain were recorded, while the intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, nutrient digestibility and the content of residual phorbol esters in muscles were determined.
RESULTS
The results showed that increasing the replacement of SBM with DJM decreased the parameters including body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, weight and villus heights of duodenum, villus height and villus height/crypt depth of jejunum, digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase, and trypsin) activities, and nutrients digestibility (nitrogen deposition, digestibility of nitrogen, energy digestibility, and total nitrogen utilization) (linear, p<0.05; quadratic, p<0.05) and there was no significant difference among DJM0, DJM15, and DJM30 in all measured indices. The highest diarrhea morbidity was observed in DJM75 (p<0.05). Phorbol esters were not detected in pig muscle tissues.
CONCLUSION
The DJM was a good protein source for pigs, and could be used to replace SBM up to 30% (diet phorbol esters concentration at 5.5 mg/kg) in growing pig diets with no detrimental impacts on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and meat edibility.
目的
本研究旨在探讨在生长猪日粮中用不同水平的脱毒仁粕（DJM）替代豆粕（SBM）对生长性能、养分消化率和肉品质的影响。
方法
选取144头初始体重为20.47±1.44 kg的猪，随机分为6个日粮处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复4头猪，试验期79天。配制6种日粮（DJM0、DJM15、DJM30、DJM45、DJM60和DJM75），用DJM分别替代0%、15%、30%、45%、60%和75%的SBM。从第37天至42天，收集每个处理组6头公猪的全部粪便和尿液。在第79天，屠宰36头猪进行采样。记录采食量和体重增加情况，同时测定肠道形态、消化酶活性、养分消化率以及肌肉中残留佛波酯的含量。
结果
结果表明，随着DJM替代SBM比例的增加，体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、十二指肠重量和绒毛高度、空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度、消化酶（蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶）活性以及养分消化率（氮沉积、氮消化率、能量消化率和总氮利用率）等参数均降低（线性，p<0.05；二次曲线，p<0.05），且DJM0、DJM15和DJM30在所有测定指标上无显著差异。DJM75组腹泻发病率最高（p<0.05）。猪肌肉组织中未检测到佛波酯。
结论
DJM是猪的优质蛋白质来源，在生长猪日粮中可替代高达30%的SBM（日粮中佛波酯浓度为5.5 mg/kg），且对生长性能、养分利用率和肉品质无不利影响。
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