Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Ibn Batouta 4, 1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco.
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Nov 28;10(1):589. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2521-x.
Host specificity in parasites represents the extent to which a parasite's distribution is limited to certain host species. Considering host-specific parasites of primarily freshwater fish (such as gill monogeneans), their biogeographical distribution is essentially influenced by both evolutionary and ecological processes. Due to the limited capacity for historical dispersion in freshwater fish, their specific coevolving parasites may, through historical host-parasite associations, at least partially reveal the historical biogeographical routes (or historical contacts) of host species. We used Dactylogyrus spp., parasites specific to cyprinid fish, to infer potential historical contacts between Northwest African and European and Asian cyprinid faunas. Using phylogenetic reconstruction, we investigated the origin(s) of host-specific Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing Northwest African and Iberian cyprinid species.
In accordance with hypotheses on the historical biogeography of two cyprinid lineages in Northwest Africa, Barbini (Luciobarbus) and Torini (Carasobarbus), we demonstrated the multiple origins of Northwest African Dactylogyrus. Dactylogyrus spp. of Carasobarbus spp. originated from Asian cyprinids, while Dactylogyrus spp. of Luciobarbus spp. originated from European cyprinids. This indicates the historical Northern route of Dactylogyrus spp. dispersion to Northwest African Luciobarbus species rather than the Southern route, which is currently widely accepted for Luciobarbus. In addition, both Northwest African cyprinid lineages were also colonized by Dactylogyrus marocanus closely related to Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing African Labeo spp., which suggests a single host switch from African Labeonini to Northwest African Luciobarbus. We also demonstrated the multiple origins of Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing Iberian Luciobarbus species. One Iberian Dactylogyrus group was phylogenetically closely related to Dactylogyrus of Moroccan Carasobarbus, while the second was related to Dactylogyrus of Moroccan Luciobarbus.
Our study confirms the different origins of two Northwest African cyprinid lineages. It suggests several independent historical contacts between European Iberian Luciobarbus and two lineages of Northwest African cyprinids, these contacts associated with host switches of Dactylogyrus parasites.
寄生虫的宿主特异性表示寄生虫的分布范围仅限于某些宿主物种的程度。考虑到主要以淡水鱼类为宿主的寄生虫（如鳃单殖吸虫），它们的生物地理分布主要受到进化和生态过程的影响。由于淡水鱼类的历史扩散能力有限，它们特定的共进化寄生虫可能至少部分通过历史上的宿主-寄生虫关联，揭示宿主物种的历史生物地理途径（或历史接触）。我们使用专性寄生鲤科鱼类的双鳞盘虫来推断西北非和欧洲及亚洲鲤科鱼类区系之间的潜在历史接触。通过系统发育重建，我们研究了寄生在西北非和伊比利亚鲤科鱼类中的宿主特异性双鳞盘虫的起源。
根据西北非两个鲤科鱼类谱系的历史生物地理学假说，即 Barbini（Luciobarbus）和 Torini（Carasobarbus），我们证明了西北非双鳞盘虫的多起源。Carasobarbus 属的双鳞盘虫起源于亚洲鲤科鱼类，而 Luciobarbus 属的双鳞盘虫起源于欧洲鲤科鱼类。这表明双鳞盘虫向西北非 Luciobarbus 物种的扩散是通过北方途径，而不是目前广泛接受的 Luciobarbus 南方途径。此外，西北非的这两个鲤科鱼类谱系也被与寄生在非洲 Labeo 属鱼类的双鳞盘虫密切相关的 Dactylogyrus marocanus 所殖民，这表明从非洲 Labeonini 到西北非 Luciobarbus 的单一宿主转换。我们还证明了寄生在伊比利亚 Luciobarbus 物种的双鳞盘虫的多起源。一个伊比利亚双鳞盘虫群体在系统发育上与摩洛哥 Carasobarbus 的双鳞盘虫密切相关，而另一个群体与摩洛哥 Luciobarbus 的双鳞盘虫相关。
本研究证实了两个西北非鲤科鱼类谱系的不同起源。它表明欧洲伊比利亚 Luciobarbus 与西北非鲤科鱼类的两个谱系之间存在几次独立的历史接触，这些接触与双鳞盘虫寄生虫的宿主转换有关。
