Zielinska Monika A, Hamulka Jadwiga
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Pediatr Int. 2018 Mar;60(3):276-281. doi: 10.1111/ped.13480. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
Maternal sociodemographic, delivery- and infant-related factors as well as hospital practice are relevant for breast-feeding practice. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and delivery-related factors that may affect exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) of infants aged 0-6 months in Poland.
A total of 446 mothers (18-42 years old) of infants aged 0-6 months were interviewed using the computer-assisted Web interview method. The questionnaire collected information about maternal sociodemographic situation and anthropometrics, delivery-related factors, and infant feeding-related factors. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Predictors of non-exclusive breast-feeding (N-EBF) in the first 6 months of life were assessed on multivariate logistic regression.
A total of 43% of mothers did not breast-feed exclusively (n = 191; N-EBF group) and 57% did breast-feed exclusively during the study period (n = 255; EBF group). After adjustment for other potential risk factors, the highest risk factors for N-EBF were maternal age <20 years (OR, 6.12; P ≤ 0.01), and inadequate breast-feeding knowledge (OR, 3.43; P ≤ 0.01), whereas the lowest risk was associated with pre-pregnancy intention to breast-feed (OR, 0.35; P ≤ 0.01), very good knowledge about breast-feeding (OR, 0.45; P ≤ 0.001) and maternal age 26-30 years (OR, 0.48; P ≤ 0.001). In a multivariate model, maternal education, employment status and preterm delivery were no longer statistically significant.
Breast-feeding practice is influenced by a variety of factors, including sociodemographic and psychosocial conditions, maternal obesity and mode of delivery. Further work is needed to establish the role of education and prophylactic programs in modifying the aforementioned risk factors.
母亲的社会人口统计学特征、分娩及婴儿相关因素以及医院的做法都与母乳喂养行为相关。本研究的目的是确定可能影响波兰0至6个月婴儿纯母乳喂养（EBF）的社会人口统计学和分娩相关因素。
采用计算机辅助网络访谈法对446名0至6个月婴儿的母亲（年龄在18至42岁之间）进行了访谈。问卷收集了有关母亲社会人口统计学状况和人体测量学、分娩相关因素以及婴儿喂养相关因素的信息。使用卡方检验和曼-惠特尼U检验对数据进行分析。通过多因素逻辑回归评估生命最初6个月非纯母乳喂养（N-EBF）的预测因素。
共有43%的母亲未进行纯母乳喂养（n = 191；N-EBF组），57%的母亲在研究期间进行了纯母乳喂养（n = 255；EBF组）。在对其他潜在风险因素进行调整后，N-EBF的最高风险因素是母亲年龄<20岁（比值比[OR]，6.12；P≤0.01）以及母乳喂养知识不足（OR，3.43；P≤0.01），而最低风险与孕前母乳喂养意愿相关（OR，0.35；P≤0.01）、对母乳喂养的了解程度非常好（OR，0.45；P≤0.001）以及母亲年龄在26至30岁之间（OR，0.48；P≤0.001）。在多因素模型中，母亲的教育程度、就业状况和早产不再具有统计学意义。
母乳喂养行为受到多种因素的影响，包括社会人口统计学和心理社会状况、母亲肥胖以及分娩方式。需要进一步开展工作来确定教育和预防项目在改变上述风险因素方面的作用。
