Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Feb 5;47(3):1044-1097. doi: 10.1039/c7cs00630f.
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
通过能量输入和外部刺激来操纵有前途的纳米系统的结构和功能的能力，正在成为开发可重构和可编程纳米材料和多功能设备的一种有吸引力的范例。由于光刺激具有高时空分辨率和数字可控性等独特优势，因此明显成为原位远程控制纳米材料和纳米系统功能属性的首选外部物理和化学工具。光致变色部分已知在不同状态之间经历可逆的光化学反应，具有不同的性质，已广泛引入各种功能纳米系统，如纳米机械、纳米粒子、纳米电子、超分子纳米组装体和生物纳米系统。将光致变色引入这些纳米系统中，使所得的纳米结构或先进材料具有有趣的光响应行为和更复杂的功能。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了光致变色纳米系统结构和功能的可逆光控制及其应用的最新进展。讨论了这些真正先进材料的重要设计概念，强调了它们的制造方法，并突出了它们的应用。最后简要概述了需要解决的挑战和可以利用的机会，结束了这篇综述。我们希望通过鼓励和打开来自不同背景的工程师以及化学、物理、工程、生物学、纳米技术和材料科学等领域的科学家之间有意义的多学科合作的窗户，对这个充满活力和可能性的主题进行综述，能够为探索未来的纳米世界提供启示。
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