Carbon Dots: Bottom-Up Syntheses, Properties, and Light-Harvesting Applications.

The development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly photocatalysts and photosensitizers has received tremendous attention because of their potential utilization in solar-light-harvesting applications. In this respect, carbon dots (CDs) prepared by bottom-up methods have been considered to be promising light-harvesting materials. Through their preparation from various molecular precursors and synthetic methods, CDs exhibit excellent optical and charge-transfer properties. Furthermore, their photophysical properties can be readily optimized and enhanced by means of doping, functionalization, and post-synthetic treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in CDs synthesized using bottom-up approaches. These CDs exhibit strong light absorption and unique electron donor/acceptor capabilities for light-harvesting applications. We anticipate that this review will provide new insights into novel types of photosensitizers and photocatalysts for a wide range of applications.