School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
College of Youth, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200083, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9314026. doi: 10.1155/2017/9314026. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
To evaluate the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and physical fitness among preschool children.
A total of 346 participants (201 boys and 145 girls) aged 3.5-5.5 years (M = 4.5 yr, SD = 0.47) from Shanghai, China, completed physical fitness assessments, including triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT), grip strength, tennis throwing, sit and reach test, standing long jump, balance beam, 10mSRT, and 20mSRT. Physical activity was objectively measured by ActiGraphGT3X+ accelerometer. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the cross-sectional associations between PA and physical fitness after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and valid wearing time.
Positive associations were observed between stand long jump ( < .01), tennis throwing ( < .01), laps in 20mSRT ( < .01), and MVPA. However, TSFT ( < .05), time in 10mSRT ( < .01), and balance beam ( < .05) were negatively associated with MVPA. Furthermore, positive associations were found between stand long jump ( < .01), tennis throwing ( < .01), and MVPA only in boys. Negative associations were found between time on balance beam ( < .01) and MVPA only in girls.
MVPA appears to be an effective and reliable predictor of preschoolers' physical fitness. Boys' body composition, muscular strength, explosive strength, agility, aerobic fitness, girls' agility, aerobic fitness, and balance could improve as MVPA increases.
评估学龄前儿童中客观测量的身体活动与身体适应力之间的关系。
共有 346 名参与者（201 名男孩和 145 名女孩），年龄在 3.5-5.5 岁之间（M=4.5 岁，SD=0.47），来自中国上海，完成了身体适应力评估，包括三头肌皮褶厚度（TSFT）、握力、网球投掷、坐立前伸测试、立定跳远、平衡木、10mSRT 和 20mSRT。身体活动通过 ActiGraphGT3X+加速度计进行客观测量。使用多元线性回归模型，在调整年龄、性别、BMI 和有效佩戴时间后，探索 PA 与身体适应力之间的横断面关联。
立定跳远（ <.01）、网球投掷（ <.01）、20mSRT 中的圈数（ <.01）和 MVPA 与 MVPA 呈正相关。然而，TSFT（ <.05）、10mSRT 中的时间（ <.01）和平衡木（ <.05）与 MVPA 呈负相关。此外，仅在男孩中，立定跳远（ <.01）、网球投掷（ <.01）与 MVPA 呈正相关。仅在女孩中，平衡木时间（ <.01）与 MVPA 呈负相关。
MVPA 似乎是学龄前儿童身体适应力的有效且可靠的预测指标。男孩的身体成分、肌肉力量、爆发力、敏捷性、有氧适能、女孩的敏捷性、有氧适能和平衡能力可能会随着 MVPA 的增加而提高。
