Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Apr 19;373(1744). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0153.
This article critically reviews evidence relating temperamental traits and personality factors to the monoamine neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and serotonin. The genetic evidence is not yet considered to be conclusive and it is argued that basic neuroscience research on the neural basis of behaviour in experimental animals should be taken more into account. While questionnaire and lexical methodology including the 'Five Factor' theory has been informative (mostly for the traits relevant to social functioning, i.e. personality), biologically oriented approaches should be employed with more objective, theoretically grounded measures of cognition and behaviour, combined with neuroimaging and psychopharmacology, where appropriate. This strategy will enable specific functions of monoamines and other neuromodulators such as acetylcholine and neuropeptides (such as orexin) to be defined with respect to their roles in modulating activity in specific neural networks-leading to a more realistic definition of their interactive roles in complex, biologically based traits (i.e. temperament).This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
这篇文章批判性地回顾了与气质特征和人格因素有关的单胺神经递质的证据，特别是多巴胺和血清素。遗传证据还没有被认为是结论性的，有人认为，应该更多地考虑关于实验动物行为神经基础的基础神经科学研究。虽然问卷调查和词汇学方法，包括“五因素”理论，已经很有启发性（主要是与社交功能相关的特征，即人格），但应该采用更具客观性、理论性的认知和行为测量方法，并结合神经影像学和精神药理学，在适当的情况下。这种策略将能够定义单胺类物质和其他神经调质（如乙酰胆碱和神经肽（如食欲素））的特定功能，以及它们在调节特定神经网络活动中的作用，从而更真实地定义它们在复杂的、基于生物学的特征（即气质）中的相互作用。本文是“多样性的不同视角：个体差异的多学科方法”主题问题的一部分。
