E Sheng Zhe, Yang Zhi Qi, Zeng Xi Bai, Wang Ya Nan, Luo Zhao Xia, Yuan Jin Hua, Che Zong Xian, Guo Yong Jie
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 Jan;28(1):151-158. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201701.011.
Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency is a key parameter to determine recommended nitrogen fertilizer amount and evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application. The effects of long-term fertilization on annual and accumulated nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and the relationship between them were studied using a 34-year fertilization experiment (1981-2015) in loessial soil region. The results showed that fertilization had significant influence on annual and accumulated nitrogen ferti-lizer use efficiency of wheat, rape and flax in the period of 1983-2015. The highest mean annual nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of wheat was achieved in N, P and K combination (NPK), thesecond was N combined with P (NP), 77.7% and 62.0% higher than N application alone respectively. The highest mean annual nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of rape was achieved in NPK, the second was manure (M), N, P and K combination (MNPK), 93.7% and 65.6% higher than N application alone respectively. The annual nitrogenfertilizer use efficiency of M combined with N (MN) increased significantly compared with N application alone. The annual nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of M, N and P combination (MNP) decreased significantly compared with NP. The annual nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of MNPK decreased significantly compared with NPK.There was significant positive linear relationship between annual nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and crop yield. The correlation between accumulated nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and crop yield was not significant. It indicated that the annual nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency could be more effective in representing fertilizer use efficiency characteristics under given soil fertility levels, crop varieties and environmental conditions compared with accumulated nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.
氮肥利用效率是确定推荐施氮量和评估氮肥施用效果的关键参数。利用黄土区34年（1981—2015年）的施肥试验，研究了长期施肥对年际和累积氮肥利用效率的影响及其相互关系。结果表明，施肥对1983—2015年期间小麦、油菜和亚麻的年际和累积氮肥利用效率有显著影响。小麦年平均氮肥利用效率最高的是氮磷钾配施（NPK），其次是氮磷配施（NP），分别比单施氮肥高77.7%和62.0%。油菜年平均氮肥利用效率最高的是NPK，其次是有机肥（M）、氮磷钾配施（MNPK），分别比单施氮肥高93.7%和65.6%。氮与有机肥配施（MN）的年氮肥利用效率比单施氮肥显著提高。氮磷有机肥配施（MNP）的年氮肥利用效率比氮磷配施显著降低。氮磷钾有机肥配施（MNPK）的年氮肥利用效率比氮磷钾配施显著降低。年氮肥利用效率与作物产量之间存在显著的正线性关系。累积氮肥利用效率与作物产量之间的相关性不显著。这表明，在给定的土壤肥力水平、作物品种和环境条件下，年氮肥利用效率比累积氮肥利用效率更能有效地反映肥料利用效率特征。
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