Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana, Slovenija.
PLoS One. 2018 May 23;13(5):e0196728. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196728. eCollection 2018.
Fecal samples were collected from 92 bats in Slovenia, consisting of 12 different species, and the bacterial microbiota was assessed via next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V4 region.
Sequences were assigned to 28 different phyla, but only Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria accounted for ≥1% of sequences. One phylum (Proteobacteria), one class (Gammaproteobacteria), three orders (Pseudomonadales, Lactobacillales, Bacillales), four families (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Carnobacteriaceae), and five genera (Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Carnobacterium, an unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter) accounted for 50% of sequences. There were no significant differences in the relative abundances of any phyla between bat species, but various differences were noted at lower taxonomic levels, such as Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.007, most abundant in M. blythii), Pseudomonadaceae (P = 0.007, most abundant in Rhinolophus hipposideros) and Chlamydiaceae (P = 0.04, most abundant in Myotis myotis). There were significant differences in richness between species in both adults and juveniles/subadults, but there was no impact of sex on any alpha diversity index. When only adults are considered, there were significant differences in community membership between M. blythii and M. emarginatus (P = 0.011), and M. blythii and R. hipposideros (P = 0.004). There were also significant differences in community structure between M. blythii and M. emarginatus (P = 0.025), and M. blythii and R. hipposideros (P = 0.026). When adults of the four main species were compared, 14 OTUs were identified as differentially abundant using LEfSe. Only one difference was identified when comparing R. hipposideros adults and juvenile/subadults, with Klebsiella over-represented in the younger bats.
Bats have a complex and diverse microbiota with a high relative abundance of Proteobacteria. The relevance of this difference is unclear and requires further study. Differences in the microbiota were observed between bat species, perhaps reflecting different diets and environmental exposures.
从斯洛文尼亚的 92 只蝙蝠中采集粪便样本，包括 12 个不同的物种，并通过下一代测序评估 16S rRNA 基因 V4 区的细菌微生物群。
序列被分配到 28 个不同的门，但只有 Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes 和 Actinobacteria 的序列占比≥1%。一个门（Proteobacteria）、一个纲（Gammaproteobacteria）、三个目（Pseudomonadales、Lactobacillales、Bacillales）、四个科（Enterobacteriaceae、Pseudomonadaceae、Staphylococcaceae、Carnobacteriaceae）和五个属（Pseudomonas、Staphylococcus、Carnobacterium、未分类的 Enterobacteriaceae、Acinetobacter）占序列的 50%。在蝙蝠物种之间，任何门的相对丰度都没有显著差异，但在较低的分类水平上存在各种差异，例如 Enterobacteriaceae（P=0.007，在 Blyth 氏菊头蝠中最丰富）、Pseudomonadaceae（P=0.007，在菊头蝠中最丰富） Rhinolophus hipposideros）和 Chlamydiaceae（P=0.04，在 Myotis myotis 中最丰富）。在成年个体和幼体/亚成体中，物种间的丰富度存在显著差异，但性别对任何α多样性指数均无影响。当仅考虑成年个体时， Blyth 氏菊头蝠和 M. emarginatus（P=0.011）以及 Blyth 氏菊头蝠和 R. hipposideros（P=0.004）之间的群落成员存在显著差异。Blyth 氏菊头蝠和 M. emarginatus（P=0.025）以及 Blyth 氏菊头蝠和 R. hipposideros（P=0.026）之间的群落结构也存在显著差异。当比较四个主要物种的成年个体时，使用 LEfSe 鉴定出 14 个差异丰度的 OTUs。当比较 R. hipposideros 成年个体和幼体/亚成体时，仅发现一个差异，年轻蝙蝠中过度表达了 Klebsiella。
蝙蝠的微生物群复杂多样，其中 Proteobacteria 的相对丰度较高。这种差异的相关性尚不清楚，需要进一步研究。在蝙蝠物种之间观察到微生物群的差异，这可能反映了不同的饮食和环境暴露。
