Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
Fam Process. 2019 Sep;58(3):698-715. doi: 10.1111/famp.12370. Epub 2018 Jun 10.
Bowen's multigenerational theory provides an account of how the internalization of experiences within the family of origin promotes development of the ability to maintain a distinct self whilst also making intimate connections with others. Differentiated people can maintain their I-position in intimate relationships. They can remain calm in conflictual relationships, resolve relational problems effectively, and reach compromises. Fusion with others, emotional cut-off, and emotional reactivity instead are common reactions to relational stress in undifferentiated people. Emotional reactivity is the tendency to react to stressors with irrational and intense emotional arousal. Fusion with others is an excessive emotional involvement in significant relationships, whilst emotional cut-off is the tendency to manage relationship anxiety through physical and emotional distance. This study is based on Bowen's theory, starting from the assumption that dyadic adjustment can be affected both by a member's differentiation of self (actor effect) and by his or her partner's differentiation of self (partner effect). We used the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model to study the relationship between differentiation of self and dyadic adjustment in a convenience sample of 137 heterosexual Italian couples (nonindependent, dyadic data). The couples completed the Differentiation of Self Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Men's dyadic adjustment depended only on their personal I-position, whereas women's dyadic adjustment was affected by their personal I-position and emotional cut-off as well as by their partner's I-position and emotional cut-off. The empirical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.
鲍文的多代理论提供了一个解释，说明如何在原生家庭中内化经验，促进保持独特自我的能力的发展，同时与他人建立亲密的联系。分化良好的人可以在亲密关系中保持自己的 I 位。他们可以在冲突关系中保持冷静，有效地解决关系问题，并达成妥协。与他人融合、情感切断和情绪反应则是未分化者应对关系压力的常见反应。情绪反应是指对压力源产生非理性和强烈的情绪唤醒的倾向。与他人融合是指在重要关系中过度情感卷入，而情感切断是指通过身体和情感距离来管理关系焦虑的倾向。本研究基于鲍文的理论，从一个成员的自我分化（演员效应）和他或她的伴侣的自我分化（伴侣效应）都可以影响夫妻关系的假设出发。我们使用演员-伴侣相互依赖模型，对 137 对意大利异性夫妻（非独立、对偶数据）的自我分化与夫妻关系调整之间的关系进行了研究。这些夫妻完成了自我分化量表和夫妻关系适应量表。男性的夫妻关系调整仅取决于他们的个人 I 位，而女性的夫妻关系调整则受到他们的个人 I 位、情感切断以及他们的伴侣的 I 位和情感切断的影响。讨论了结果的实证和临床意义。
