Joller-Jemelka H I, Wilhelm U, Steffen R, Grob P J
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1985 Aug 17;115(33):1114-9.
In 1984 intravenous drug users accounted for 25% of all cases of acute hepatitis B and for 32% of all cases of non-A/non-B hepatitis recorded in the Canton of Zürich. Drug addicts also represented an important risk group for hepatitis A, which occurred in small epidemics. Among 141 "healthy" drug users, 10 (7%) individuals showed signs of ongoing hepatitis B virus (HBV-) infection, 26 (19%) individuals had the finding "anti-HBc-alone" (unresolved HBV-infection) and another 69 (49%) individuals were HBV-immune. 30%, 23% and 16% of the three above groups of individuals with HBV-markers were also anti-delta virus positive. Of the 141 "healthy" drug users 23 (16%) showed signs of an ongoing hepatitis A virus (HAV-) infection and 63 (45%) individuals were HAV-immune. Anti-HTLV III/LAV was detected in 69 (49%) of the i.v. drug users, with a higher prevalence (60%) in females than in males and with a higher prevalence in individuals with HBV-markers (50-62%) than in those without such markers (19%). Thus the i.v. drug users are at high risk for infections with hepatitis viruses A, B, D and those responsible for non-A/non-B hepatitis, as well as with the AIDS-associated virus HTLV III/LAV. Preventive measures should include a reduction of needle sharing and of promiscuity, which is abundantly practised by i.v. drug users.
1984年，静脉注射吸毒者占苏黎世州所有急性乙型肝炎病例的25%，占所有非甲非乙型肝炎病例的32%。吸毒者也是甲型肝炎的一个重要高危人群，甲型肝炎呈小规模流行。在141名“健康”吸毒者中，10人（7%）有正在进行的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染迹象，26人（19%）的检测结果为“单独抗-HBc”（未解决的HBV感染），另有69人（49%）对HBV免疫。上述三组有HBV标志物的人中，分别有30%、23%和16%也呈抗丁型病毒阳性。在141名“健康”吸毒者中，23人（16%）有正在进行的甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染迹象，63人（45%）对HAV免疫。在69名（49%）静脉注射吸毒者中检测到抗HTLV III/LAV，女性的患病率（60%）高于男性，有HBV标志物的人患病率（50 - 62%）高于无此类标志物的人（19%）。因此，静脉注射吸毒者感染甲型、乙型、丁型肝炎病毒以及非甲非乙型肝炎相关病毒和艾滋病相关病毒HTLV III/LAV的风险很高。预防措施应包括减少共用针头和滥交行为，而静脉注射吸毒者中此类行为十分普遍。
