Impact of Variation of Corticosteroid Dose, Injection Site, and Multiple Injections on Blood Glucose Measurement in Diabetic Patients.

PURPOSE

This study examined how corticosteroid dose, injection site location, and patient demographics affect blood glucose level after corticosteroid injection in diabetic patients.

METHODS

We prospectively enrolled 70 patients with diabetes mellitus requiring upper- and/or lower-extremity corticosteroid injections. Patients measured fasting and postprandial blood glucose for 14 days after the injection. Blood glucose from days 1 through 7 was compared with the average of days 10 through 14, acting as control. Changes in blood glucose were compared by corticosteroid dose, injection location, patient demographics, and insulin use.

RESULTS

Patients who underwent shoulder, wrist, or hand injections and patients who received multiple injections had no significant elevations in fasting or postprandial blood glucose, whereas those with knee injections had a significant increase in fasting blood glucose on postinjection days 1 and 2. Preinjection hemoglobin A1C had a significant effect on postinjection blood glucose whereas corticosteroid dose, body mass index, insulin use, and the number of injections had no significant effect on the elevation of blood glucose. There were no cases of diabetic ketoacidosis in any subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients receiving corticosteroid injections in the upper extremity did not experience significant increases in blood glucose whereas those undergoing knee corticosteroid injections demonstrated elevated blood glucose levels. Because poorer glucose control was associated with greater elevations in blood glucose after injection, patients with higher hemoglobin A1C should be counseled to monitor postinjection glucose more closely.

TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.