Thrombus Reformation in the Pulmonary Vein Stump Confirmed 16 Months After Cerebral Embolism on the Day After Left Upper Lobectomy for Lung Cancer.

Cerebral embolism is a very serious complication after lung cancer surgery. In such cases, cerebral embolism is caused by a thrombus formed in the pulmonary vein stump. Most such cases have been reported to occur within 10 days after left upper lobectomy. The patients were treated with anticoagulation therapy to prevent the recurrence of cerebral embolism, and recurrence or thrombus reformation has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. We present a 68-year-old man with a cerebral embolism detected on the day after left upper pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer. The patient was treated with unfractionated heparin and his neurological symptoms improved. Heparin treatment was subsequently changed to aspirin for the prevention of recurrence; however, thrombus formation in the vein stump was asymptomatically confirmed 16 months after the surgery by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. This is the first case to our knowledge of thrombus reformation in the pulmonary vein stump after a cerebral embolism associated with lung cancer surgery. In our case, anticoagulation therapy was not continued to prevent recurrence, and antiplatelet therapy was performed instead, which might be associated with the thrombus reformation.