Shearer Jan K, Plummer Paul J, Schleining Jennifer A
Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA,
Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Vet Med (Auckl). 2015 Jun 30;6:273-292. doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S62071. eCollection 2015.
Lameness is a leading cause of welfare and culling issues in cattle, with claw lesions accounting for the majority of these issues. Although the treatment of claw lesions in cattle is a daily activity for hoof trimmers, veterinarians, and livestock producers, there is surprisingly little information in the peer-reviewed literature on which to base strong evidence-based conclusions. As a consequence, many treatment modalities used are empirical and, in some cases, may be counterproductive to rapid lesion healing. Furthermore, many of these empirical treatment modalities fail to fully consider the underlying pathogenesis of the disease process and the implications that it has on lesion healing. For example, sole ulcers are largely a consequence of metabolic disorders and mechanical overloading. Therapeutic interventions that fail to address the weight-bearing issues are unlikely to be successful. Likewise, white line disease is believed to be predisposed by rumen acidosis and laminitis, and interventions need to include in them appropriate measures to prevent further cases through nutritional management. The goal of this review paper is to review the pathogenesis of claw lesions in the context of the published literature and allow the reader to arrive at rational treatment interventions based on the best available information. The use of an orthopedic block applied to the healthy claw of a lame foot, judicious use of bandage or wrap, careful selection of parenteral or topical therapy, and a treatment protocol to manage pain and promote recovery are key components of responsible management of lameness disorders in cattle.
跛行是导致牛福利问题和淘汰问题的主要原因，其中蹄部病变占这些问题的大部分。尽管对牛蹄部病变的治疗是蹄修剪工、兽医和家畜养殖户日常工作的一部分，但令人惊讶的是，同行评审文献中几乎没有可作为有力循证结论依据的信息。因此，许多使用的治疗方法都是经验性的，在某些情况下，可能对病变的快速愈合适得其反。此外，许多这些经验性治疗方法没有充分考虑疾病过程的潜在发病机制及其对病变愈合的影响。例如，蹄底溃疡很大程度上是代谢紊乱和机械性负荷过重的结果。未能解决负重问题的治疗干预不太可能成功。同样，白线病被认为与瘤胃酸中毒和蹄叶炎有关，干预措施需要包括通过营养管理采取适当措施以预防更多病例。这篇综述文章的目的是在已发表文献的背景下回顾蹄部病变的发病机制，并让读者根据现有最佳信息得出合理的治疗干预措施。对跛足健康蹄应用矫形阻滞、合理使用绷带或包扎、谨慎选择肠胃外或局部治疗，以及管理疼痛和促进恢复的治疗方案，是牛跛行疾病负责任管理的关键组成部分。
