Rainfall erosivity in Slovenia: Sensitivity estimation and trend detection.

Slovenia is one of the EU countries with the largest values and largest amounts of variability in rainfall erosivity, with maximum annual values exceeding 10,000 MJ mm ha h yr. Five-minute rainfall data was analysed from 10 Slovenian rainfall stations with data-length availability longer than 25 years with a maximum data length of 69 years and a total data-station length equal to 443 years. Trends in the rainfall erosivity R-factor were detected for four different sub-samples using monthly, half-year, and annual rainfall erosivity values. The results indicate that rainfall erosivity trends for the selected Slovenian stations are mostly statistically insignificant, with the selected significance level of 0.05. However, a larger share of identified trends are positive than negative. The maximum annual rainfall erosivity values were obtained for one specific mountain station. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis regarding the rainfall erosivity factor R calculation showed that the rainfall threshold parameter (12.7 mm) that is used to remove the small-magnitude rainfall events in order to reduce the computational burden can attribute up to 10% of the average annual R-values in cases where this threshold is not used. Other parameters have, on average, a smaller impact on the calculated rainfall erosivity. Furthermore, the application of local kinetic energy equations resulted in, on average, about 20% higher annual rainfall erosivity values compared to the equation that is proposed by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) manual and was not developed specifically for this region.