Nikolić Marina, Milešević Jelena, Zeković Milica, Gurinović Mirjana, Glibetić Marija
Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe (CAPNUTRA), Belgrade, Serbia.
Front Nutr. 2018 Sep 13;5:78. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00078. eCollection 2018.
Assessment of portion sizes is an important factor for the accuracy of food consumption surveys. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a food atlas of commonly consumed foods in the Balkan region in order to improve the accuracy of portion size estimation for food consumption surveys. A list of 135 foods and their portion sizes was based on previously conducted food consumption surveys in this region. Food was cooked, measured and served in three or four portion sizes right before being photographed. A validation study was conducted through the visual perception method. Without receiving training on usage of the food picture book, participants were asked to evaluate two portion sizes of 20 selected foods by comparison with a photo series of each food. Portion sizes were evaluated by 18 nutrition professionals and 17 lay individuals who had no nutritional education. Mean differences and the standard deviations of the mean differences (SD) between the portions estimated by each participant and the served portion were calculated. The percentages of participants who selected the correct, adjacent or distant portion size also were calculated. The number of food items that were quantified within the predefined acceptable range (i.e., mean difference < ∣ 0·7 ∣ and < 1) was 16 (80%) among lay individuals and 17 (85%) among nutritional professionals. Among 16 photo series that were assessed as "acceptable," the percentage of all participants, who selected the correct picture, was between 44.3 and 82.9%, with an average of 60.2%. Only three foods were assessed correctly by <50% participants. The percentage of participants who selected the correct or adjacent serving size was above 98% for both lay and professional evaluators. This is the first food atlas containing representative foods and recipes commonly consumed in the Balkan region. However, further adjustments of the methodology should include larger number of food items to be tested, involvement of more participants and provision of training for the users of the food atlas. This food atlas could be used in food consumption surveys in the Balkan region after further testing and validation.
评估食物分量是食物消费调查准确性的一个重要因素。本研究的目的是编制并验证一份巴尔干地区常见食物图谱，以提高食物消费调查中食物分量估计的准确性。一份包含135种食物及其分量的清单是基于该地区先前进行的食物消费调查得出的。食物在烹饪、测量并以三或四种分量装盘后，马上进行拍照。通过视觉感知方法进行了一项验证研究。在未接受关于食物图谱使用培训的情况下，要求参与者通过与每种食物的照片系列进行比较，来评估20种选定食物的两种分量。由18名营养专业人员和17名未接受过营养教育的普通民众对食物分量进行评估。计算了每位参与者估计的分量与实际提供的分量之间的平均差异以及平均差异的标准差（SD）。还计算了选择正确、相邻或相差较大分量的参与者的百分比。在普通民众中，有16种（80%）食物的分量在预先定义的可接受范围内（即平均差异<∣0·7∣且<1），在营养专业人员中为17种（85%）。在被评估为“可接受”的16个照片系列中，所有参与者选择正确照片的百分比在44.3%至82.9%之间，平均为60.2%。只有三种食物被不到50%的参与者正确评估。普通民众和专业评估人员选择正确或相邻分量大小的参与者百分比均高于98%。这是第一份包含巴尔干地区常见代表性食物和食谱的食物图谱。然而，方法的进一步调整应包括测试更多的食物项目、让更多参与者参与以及为食物图谱的使用者提供培训。经过进一步测试和验证后，这份食物图谱可用于巴尔干地区的食物消费调查。
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