Rosenberg Jens T, Yuan Xuegang, Grant Samuel, Ma Teng
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
Brain Circ. 2016 Jul-Sep;2(3):108-113. doi: 10.4103/2394-8108.192521. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
Recent translational studies in the fields of tissue regeneration and cell therapy have characterized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potentially effective and accessible measure for treating ischemic cerebral and neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Developing more efficient cell tracking techniques bear the potential to optimize MSC transplantation therapies by providing a more accurate picture of the fate and area of effect of implanted cells. Currently, determining the location of transplanted MSCs involves a histological approach, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents a noninvasive paradigm that permits repeat evaluations. To visualize MSCs using MRI, the implanted cells must be treated with an intracellular contrast agent. These are commonly paramagnetic compounds, many of which are based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Recent research has set out characterize the effects of SPIO-uptake on the cellular activity of human MSCs and the resultant influence that respective SPIO concentration has on MRI sensitivity. As these studies reveal, SPIO-uptake has no effect on the cellular processes of proliferation and differentiation while producing high contrast MRI signals. Moreover, transplantation of SPIO-labeled MSCs in animal models encouragingly showed no loss in MRI contrast, suggesting that SPIO labeling may be an appealing regime for lasting MRI detection. This study is a review article. Referred literature in this study has been listed in the reference part. The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching the PubMed. Some original points in this article come from the laboratory practice in our research centers and the authors' experiences.
近期在组织再生和细胞治疗领域的转化研究已将间充质干细胞（MSC）描述为一种潜在有效且易于获取的治疗缺血性脑疾病和神经退行性疾病（如中风、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症）的措施。开发更高效的细胞追踪技术有可能通过更准确地描绘植入细胞的命运和作用区域来优化MSC移植疗法。目前，确定移植的MSC的位置涉及组织学方法，但磁共振成像（MRI）提供了一种允许重复评估的非侵入性范例。为了使用MRI可视化MSC，植入的细胞必须用细胞内造影剂处理。这些通常是顺磁性化合物，其中许多基于超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）纳米颗粒。近期的研究已着手表征SPIO摄取对人MSC细胞活性的影响以及各自的SPIO浓度对MRI敏感性的影响。正如这些研究所揭示的，SPIO摄取对增殖和分化的细胞过程没有影响，同时产生高对比度的MRI信号。此外，在动物模型中移植SPIO标记的MSC令人鼓舞地显示MRI对比度没有损失，这表明SPIO标记可能是一种用于持久MRI检测的有吸引力的方法。本研究是一篇综述文章。本研究中引用的文献已列在参考文献部分。支持本文结论的数据集可通过搜索PubMed在线获取。本文中的一些原创观点来自我们研究中心的实验室实践和作者的经验。
