Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Related to Diabetes and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

OBJECTIVES

To examine relationships between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among older men and women.

METHODS

In a national retrospective cohort study of Veterans aged ≥55 (n=2,789,264, 6% female), associations between PTSD and diabetes (2008-2011) and incident CVD (2012-2015) were assessed with gender-stratified Fine-Gray proportional hazard models, adjusted for demographics and medical comorbidities.

RESULTS

Incident CVD was observed in 22% of men and 12% of women, and related to PTSD (men HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.04-1.06, Wald χ2=80.46, df=1, p<.001; women HR=1.47, 95% CI=1.38-1.57, Wald χ2=148.60, df=1, p<.001), diabetes (men HR=1.34, 95% CI=1.34-1.35, Wald χ2=9177.64, df=1, p<.001; women HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.44-1.55, Wald χ2=419.02, df=1, p<.001), and comorbid PTSD-diabetes (men HR=1.50, 95% CI=1.48-1.52, Wald χ2=4180.92, df=1, p<.001; women HR=1.96, 95% CI=1.80-2.12, Wald χ2=257.28, df=1, p<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

CVD risk was increased with PTSD and diabetes, and strongly increased with comorbid PTSD-diabetes. Among women, PTSD and diabetes conferred equivalent CVD risk.