Tubular organotypic culture model of human kidney.

Cell-culture methods that simplify the inherent complexities of the kidney have not sufficiently reproduced its true characteristics. Although reports indicate that organoid methodology surpasses traditional cell culture in terms of reproducing the nature of organs, the study of human kidney organoids have been confined to pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, it has not yet progressed beyond the developmental state of embryonic kidney even after complicate additional differentiation processes. We here describe the kidney organotypic culture method that uses adult whole kidney tissues but mainly differentiates into tubular cells. This model was validated based on the retention of key kidney organotypic-specific features: 1) expression of Tamm-Horsfall protein; 2) dome-like organoid configurations, implying directed transport of solutes and water influx; and 3) organoid expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in response to nephrotoxic injury (i.e., gentamicin and cisplatin exposure). This 3D-structured organoid prototype of the human renal tubule may have applications in developing patient-specific treatments for kidney diseases.