社会经济地位与青少年饮酒行为：基因-环境交互作用的证据。
Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Alcohol Involvement: Evidence for a Gene-Environment Interaction.
机构信息
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
出版信息
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2018 Sep;79(5):725-732. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.725.
OBJECTIVE
Adolescence is an optimal developmental stage for examining the interplay of environmental factors and the genetic risk for alcohol involvement. The current study aimed to examine how socioeconomic status might interact with genetic risk for alcohol involvement among adolescents.
METHOD
A total of 839 same-sex adolescent twin pairs (509 monozygotic and 330 dizygotic) from the 1962 National Merit Twin Study completed a questionnaire containing items assessing alcohol involvement. Twins were approximately 17 years old at the time of participation. Parents provided reports of family income and educational attainment. Models were fit examining parental education and family income as moderators of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use.
RESULTS
There was evidence for moderation of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol involvement by family income. For twins with the lowest levels of family income, genetic and shared environmental influences accounted for 50% and 26% of the variance in alcohol involvement, respectively, compared with 2% and 67% of the variance among those at the highest level of income.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that etiological influences on alcohol involvement vary as a function of an adolescent's socioeconomic status.
目的
青春期是研究环境因素与酒精摄入遗传风险相互作用的最佳发育阶段。本研究旨在探讨社会经济地位如何与青少年的酒精摄入遗传风险相互作用。
方法
共有 839 对同性青少年双胞胎（509 对同卵双胞胎和 330 对异卵双胞胎）参加了 1962 年全国英才双胞胎研究，他们完成了一份包含酒精摄入评估项目的问卷。参与时，双胞胎大约 17 岁。父母报告家庭收入和教育程度。模型拟合考察了父母教育和家庭收入对酒精使用的遗传和环境影响的调节作用。
结果
家庭收入对酒精摄入的遗传和环境影响有调节作用。对于家庭收入最低的双胞胎，遗传和共同环境影响分别占酒精摄入的 50%和 26%，而收入最高的双胞胎的遗传和共同环境影响分别占酒精摄入的 2%和 67%。
结论
这些发现表明，酒精摄入的病因学影响随青少年的社会经济地位而变化。
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