Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dept of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, Italy.
Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dept of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti, 9, Milan, Italy.
Front Neuroendocrinol. 2019 Jan;52:156-164. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.11.003. Epub 2018 Nov 24.
Sex plays a role in the incidence and outcome of neurological illnesses, also influencing the response to treatments. Despite sexual differentiation of the brain has been extensively investigated, the study of sex differences in microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, has been largely neglected until recently. To fulfill this gap, our laboratory developed several tools, including cellular and animal models, which bolstered in-depth studies on sexual differentiation of microglia and its impact on brain physiology, as well as on the onset and progression of neurological disorders. Here, we summarize the current status of knowledge on the sex-dependent function of microglia, and report recent evidence linking these cells to the sexual bias in the susceptibility to neurological brain diseases.
性别在神经疾病的发生和结果中起作用，也影响治疗的反应。尽管大脑的性别分化已经得到了广泛的研究，但对大脑常驻免疫细胞——小胶质细胞的性别差异的研究直到最近才被大量忽视。为了填补这一空白，我们实验室开发了几种工具，包括细胞和动物模型，这些工具促进了对小胶质细胞性别分化及其对大脑生理功能的影响，以及对神经疾病发病和进展的深入研究。在这里，我们总结了目前关于小胶质细胞性别依赖性功能的知识现状，并报告了最近将这些细胞与神经脑疾病易感性中的性别偏见联系起来的证据。
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