Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
Chin J Nat Med. 2018 Nov;16(11):811-828. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30123-7.
The genus Ephedra of the Ephedraceae family contains more than 60 species of nonflowering seed plants distributed throughout Asia, America, Europe, and North Africa. These Ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and economic value. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Ephedra species to unveil opportunities for future research. Comprehensive information on the Ephedra species was collected by electronic search (e.g., GoogleScholar, Pubmed, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and phytochemical books. The chemical compounds isolated from the Ephedra species include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, and others. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions and few isolated compounds of Ephedra species showed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, and diuretic activities. After chemical and pharmacological profiling, current research is focused on the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the phenolic acid compounds, the immunosuppressive activity of the polysaccharides, and the antitumor activity of flavonoids.
麻黄属植物（Ephedra）隶属于麻黄科（Ephedraceae），包含超过 60 种非开花种子植物，分布于亚洲、美洲、欧洲和北非。这些麻黄属植物具有药用、生态和经济价值。本综述旨在总结麻黄属植物的化学成分和药理活性，以揭示未来研究的机遇。通过电子搜索（如 GoogleScholar、Pubmed、SciFinder 和 Web of Science）和植物化学书籍收集了麻黄属植物的综合信息。从麻黄属植物中分离得到的化学化合物包括生物碱、类黄酮、鞣质、多糖等。对麻黄属植物的粗提取物、馏分和少数分离化合物的体外和体内药理研究表明，它们具有抗炎、抗癌、抗菌、抗氧化、保肝、抗肥胖、抗病毒和利尿作用。经过化学和药理学分析后，目前的研究集中在酚酸类化合物的抗菌和抗真菌作用、多糖的免疫抑制活性以及类黄酮的抗肿瘤活性上。
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